【作者】 周永清；

【导师】 朱思洪；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 空气弹簧作为钢板弹簧、螺旋弹簧的替代弹性元件，以其优良的减振性能在高速列车、汽车，甚至国外某些拖拉机的悬挂系统中得到越来越广泛的应用。为了更好地掌握空气弹簧的力学特性，使其更好地与车辆系统匹配，以获得更为优良的行驶平顺性，本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上，以美国凡士通产的1T15M-2型空气弹簧为母体，设计了带附加空气室的空气弹簧，在附加空气室与空气弹簧之间设有节流孔。由于空气弹簧的力学特性涉及到材料非线性、几何非线性、复杂气体动力学，很难通过计算的方法获得精确的空气弹簧刚度特性，工程实际中一般均是通过试验的方法获得。因而，本文采用试验的方法，在专门研制的机械式振动台上对所设计的带附加空气室的空气弹簧动态特性及阻尼特性进行了试验研究，主要研究了有无附加空气室及节流孔孔口大小对空气弹簧动态特性的影响。 研究结果表明：空气弹簧动态特性与节流孔孔口大小有着明显的关系。在相同内部气压条件下，对于所实验的各种节流孔孔口，任一激励频率时空气弹簧动比值随节流孔孔口变大而变小，当节流孔孔口大到一定程度时空气弹簧动比值不再随孔口大小的改变而变化；空气弹簧的等效粘性阻尼系数则随着节流孔孔口变大出现先增大后减小的现象，当节流孔大到一定程度时阻尼系数不再变化且与无附加空气室时空气弹簧的阻尼系数相当。 本文对带附加空气室空气弹簧动态特性进行了探索性的研究，为今后进一步研究空气悬架提供了一定的参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the replacement for leaf spring and helical spring, air spring has been widely used in the suspension on high-speed trains , automobiles and even on some tractors in foreign countries for its ascendant characteristics. In order to match the air spring better with vehicles, it is necessary for us to know the unique characteristics of the air spring better. In this article an air spring with auxiliary chamber is designed based on 1T15M-2 type air spring made by Firestone Industrial Products Company. And a variable size throttle orifice is set between air spring and the auxiliary chamber. Because the characteristics of air spring are related to the non-linear material, non-linear geometry and aerodynamics, it is difficult to calculate the stiffness accurately, which is the main characteristic of air spring. In practice, the stiffness is always obtained by test. So, in this article, the author researched the dynamic characteristics of the air spring by test. The air spring with auxiliary chamber was tested on a mechanical vibration generator. The effect of the size of the on the dynamic characteristics is studied.The result showed that the dynamic characteristics of the air spring with auxiliary chamber are interrelated observably to the size of the throttle orifice. Under the same inner pressure, for every tested throttle orifice, at each frequency the dynamic ratio of the air spring decreases as the size of throttle orifice increases, and it keeps the same when the throttle orifice is greater than about 25mm. The damping of the air spring increases at first. And then decreases as the size of throttle orifice increases. When the throttle orifice is greater than about 15mm, the damping is as the same as that without auxiliary chamber.This article has probed into the dynamic characteristic of the air spring with auxiliary chamber. The research results could be reference and guide for further study in the future.更多还原