【作者】 赵倩；

【导师】 李茂康；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 “大”是一个汉语常用词，义项众多，是汉语词汇的一个基本组成单位。本文试图解释为何它具有众多义项和极大的构词能力。另外，汉语中很多词都用“大”来训释，对“大”的考察可以揭示这些相关词的重要意义特征，也是义素分析法在汉语词语描写分析中的具体应用。 文章分为四个部分。 第一部分考察“大”的字形之义、字本义和词本义，揭示词义核心。“大”的本义就是用以形容事物在所占空间、所含数量等实体特征中所涉及的量超过一般或所比较对象。“量”这个因素是词义发展的内在线索和重要依据。 第二部分从实词和虚词两种角度分析“大”的义项及演变情况，进而列举“大”所包含的义素，考察其模糊程度，力图完整揭示其词义系统。“大”的词义在和不同词语搭配时以及处在不同语言环境中有不同的具体含义，这是词语进入使用时必然会有的现象。一般字典辞书所列的词语义项可以称为“储存义”；而进入句子、语段中的词语意义可以称为“使用义”。为了更客观，更有概括性地考察“大”的义项，我们采用总结、归纳字典辞书的义项的方法，选取《汉语大字典》所列的义项为讨论对象。详细考察这些义项的发展演变过程。 第三部分选取两本比较有代表性的专著，许慎的《说文解字》与王念孙的《释大》，考察和“大”有关的字和词，尝试用义素分析的方法揭示这些字词之间的关系，以便进一步深入分析“大”在汉语词汇系统中的地位和作用。 最后一部分力图从许慎的释义、老子的哲学以及中国人的美学观念等几个角度来揭示这个词语相关的一些文化背景和它所带来的文化效应，以便于语言研究与文化研究的融会贯通。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinese word "Da"(大) ,which embodies many lexemes because of frequent use, is an elementary unit in the vocabulary. This paper ties to explain the reasons why it has so many lexemes and the infinite ability to construct new words and phrases. Because a lot of words are annotated by the word "Da" it is important to research into the lexemes of "Da" in order to reveal the significant semantic features of the related words and phrases. What’s more, it is also an application of the semene analysis in the research.The paper consists of four parts:The first part surveys the meaning of the character and of the word "Da" to discovery its meaning core. The semantic feature of the word meaning can be, in nature, abstracted a kind of "quantity" ,which is the inner clues and the significant basis for the evolution of word meanings and which represents in the space and numbers or amount of one entity surmounting others.The second part analyzes the lexemes and their development of "da" from two aspects of adjective and adverb and enumerates semenes contained in"da" and studies its fuzzy degree for the purpose to clean up its meaning system. The meanings of the word are different when matching with different words and some of them very concrete when placed in different context, which are a common phenomenon for the words in use. The lexemes in dictionaries can be called "storage meanings"; on the other hand, the word meanings entered into the phrases and sentences of language called "using meanings". For the output to be more objective and for the lexemes of "da" to be generalized much better, the research approach is to summary storage meanings in "the Chinese Big Dictionary" and to examine in detail the development of the meaning concluded.The third part studies those words related to "da" by selecting two representative books , "Shuo Wen Jie Zhi" by Xu Shen and "Shi Da" by Wang Nian-sun in order to discover the relationships among the words through application of semenes analysis and to analyzes the position and the function of "da" in Chinese lexicon system.The last part discusses the cultural background involved with the word "da" and its re-effect to culture from the angles of annotations of Xu Shen, the philosophy of Lao Zi and Chinese aesthetic ideology so as to integrate the study of culture and that of language.更多还原