明清时期歙县江村商人研究

【作者】 孙长城；

【导师】 李修松；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 专门史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 明清时期，歙县江村商人是徽商的典型代表，是江村建设的主要力量。明代嘉靖(1522-1566)至万历(1573-1620)年间，江村商人崛起于商界。其崛起原因有：徽州从商之风的影响，江村人口压力加重的促使，江村深厚文化底蕴的作用，明代中叶“开中折色”盐业政策推行的促成等。虽然明末战乱使江村商人遭受重创，但是清初的一系列政策使江村商人获得了重整旗鼓的机会，迅速发展，并于乾隆时期达到极盛。然而，由于时代的影响和历史的局限，江村商人的资本在捐输报效政府，为村庄修建祠堂、修族谱，捐助社会公益事业，以及许许多多的奢侈性消费等过程中大量消耗，再加上道光时期盐业政策的变故及咸、同兵燹，遂使江村商人一步步陷入失败的深渊，退出商界。江村商人在其发展过程中，其资金通过各种方式流回江村，促进了该村人居环境的改善、济阳江氏宗族的发展和民俗文化的繁荣。而当江村商人衰败之后，江村和江氏宗族也随之走向衰落。江村商人的发展及其衰落的历程，有助于我们深入解剖明清时期的徽商乃至明清徽州社会。更多还原

【Abstract】 The merchants of Jiangcun village in She country were the represent of Huizhou merchants and the main force of the construction of the Jiangcun village during Ming and Qing Dynasty.During the Ming Dynasty ,the merchants rose to prominence in commercial circles From Jajing(1522-1566) to Wanli(l573-1620).These were some reasons for this prominence, such as the influence from the popularity of carrying business at that time,the impel of heavier population pressure, the promotion of advantageous culture foundation of Jiangcun village, and the promotion of the new beneficial policy of salt business. Although the wars in the last stage of Ming Dynasty gave a big blow on the business of Jiangcun merchants, a series of beneficial policy ueged them to rally their forces and develop rapidly, and reached their zenith during the period of the Qianlong. But, owing to the limitations of the time, these merchants consumed plenty of money on contributing the government, building the ancestral halls, recording the family trees, the denotation to the public affairs and on luxuries. Beside these factors, the great change of the salt business policy during the period of Daoguang and the ravages of wars during the period of Xianfeng and Tongzhi caused these merchants to be caught in the failure gradually until they disappeared from commercial circles. The asserts earned in the developing period had greatly improved the living condition of Jiangcun village, promoted the development of jiang clan of Jiyang and brought about the prosperity of the folk culture. Jiangcun village and Jiang clan decayed with the declination of the merchants. The process of the Jiangcun merchants from full development to declination would be conductive for us to analyze the Huizhou merchants and the society in Ming and Qing Dynasty.更多还原