【作者】 王华；

【导师】 洪增流；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本篇论文旨在对海明威的部分短篇小说进行系统研究，指出海明威对于生命和死亡主题的探索更集中体现于他的一些短篇小说之中，而他在短篇小说创作中所使用的艺术手法又突现和加强了这一主题，是研究过程中不容忽视的重要因素。 海明威的艺术成就主要体现在他的长篇小说创作中已是不争的事实，而国内学术界对于海明威的研究也基本围绕于此。相比较之下，对于其短篇小说的研究不仅不够深入且缺乏系统性。本篇论文通过对海明威本人的经历和他的文学作品的细致研究指出，虽然他的短篇小说不像长篇小说那样使他蜚声世界文坛，但在创作过程中与他的个人经历联系更为密切，因而是阐释海明威对生命与死亡的理解的可靠凭据。 在对其短篇小说文本的详细分析过程中，论文作者进一步发现海明威对生命与死亡的探讨和认识大致经历了三个发展阶段：从最初的好奇与茫然阶段，到对生命与死亡现象的迷惘与困惑，最终到达理智和达观的境界。本篇论文将分别对这三个阶段在相应的短篇小说中的反映进行阐释。 论文作者指出海明威第一阶段的探索主要反映在《印地安人营地》和《杀人者》两部短篇小说中。因受父亲冒险精神的影响，海明威在这一阶段充满了对生命的热爱和对死亡的好奇。第二阶段的探索受到了他本人在第一次世界大战中经历的影响，他对于生与死的理解陷于迷惘与困惑阶段，这种思想主要反映在《雨中之猫》、《大双心河》和《白象似的山群》这三部作品中。作者从《乞力马扎罗的雪》、《桥边的老人》和《弗．麦康勃短促的幸福生活》来论述海明威第三阶段探索的主要思想。在探索的最后这一阶段，作者发现海明威对于生与死呈现出超然的态度，他所关心的不再是生命的长短而是生命和死亡的内在意义。至此海明威的探索进入了理智、达观的境界。的艺术表现手法，如电报式对话、象征、内心独白、简洁的景物描写等，以及海明威如何运用这种冰山式的写作技巧使所要表现的对生命与死亡的探讨这一深沉含蓄的思想得到非常生动的表现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Upon careful reading of his literary works, the author of this present thesis finds that meditation on life and death has been a major theme that Hemingway intends to explore in his literary creation. Further research shows his understanding of life and death has undergone three stages of development, which can be best reflected in his short stories.Studies upon Ernest Hemingway have been focused largely on his novels, which indeed establish his as one of the greatest masters of literature in the world as well as in America. Up to now studies on his short stories are far from adequate. However, based on a thorough research on his life experience and literary works, the author of the present thesis finds that, though not as famous as the novels, these short stories are closely related to his personal experience and are valuable in their own right to the interpretation of Hemingway’s exploration of life and death.Through a conscientious analysis of his texts, the author of the present thesis discovers that Hemingway’s constant exploration and understanding of life and death has undergone three stages of development, which are reflected in several of his short stories. These three stages can be summarized as the stage of curiosity and vagueness; the stage of perplexity and puzzlement; the stage of reason and philosophy. The author argues that these three stages are well illustrated in several of his short stories.The first stage of understanding is revealed in his "Indian Camp" and "The Killers". Influenced by his father’s ardent love for life, Hemingway shows his curiosity for death. At the second stage, Hemingway displays his perplexity and puzzlement on the phenomenon of life and death resulted from his experience in the First World War. Such understanding is fully demonstrated in "Cat in the Rain", "Big Two-Hearted River" and "Hills Like White Elephants". At the last stage of exploration, Hemingway manifests a reasonable and philosophical attitude towards life and death. The Spanish Civil War and World War Two have helped him comprehend the full meaning of life and death. What matters to him is not the lengthof life but the dignity. This shift in the standpoint is exposed in "The Snows of Kilimanjaro", "Old Man at the Bridge" and "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber".Moreover, the author also discovers that Hemingway’s superb artistic skills such as telegraphic dialogue, symbolism, prose style, monologue, and terse description of the settings contribute greatly to the exposition of the theme of life and death in his short stories. Therefore, one chapter of the thesis is to be devoted to the discussion of these artistic skills and how they strengthen and complement the theme that Hemingway wants to explore.更多还原