【作者】 钱佳；

【导师】 韩效钊；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 化学工艺， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文简述了化学肥料的现状与发展，介绍了颗粒肥料结块机理。论述了防结块缓释包膜肥料将成为肥料的发展方向。针对现有的防结块、缓释性能测试方法限制了防结块缓释肥料的开发与生产现状，作者研究了温度、湿度、时间对颗粒肥料结块程度的影响，提出了调温调湿法快速评价颗粒肥料结块性能的方法为：在相对湿度95％，温度60℃条件下，作复合肥的结块性能曲线(即结块率对时间的关系曲线)；在相对湿度85％，温度40℃条件下，作尿素的结块性能曲线。设计了淋洗装置，研究了温度、流量对颗粒肥料养分释放率的影响，提出颗粒肥料缓释性能测试方法为：利用本课题设计的淋洗装置，调节淋洗液流速为4ml／min，作缓释性能曲线(即养分累计释放率对时间的关系曲线)。对比不同肥料的结块(缓释)性能曲线，即可评价其防结块(缓释)性能的好坏。作者选择石蜡、表面活性剂、明胶等作为原料，加入释放因子，采用转相成膜法和混合成膜法，探讨了几种原料配比对包膜材料性能的影响，制备出的包膜材料配方为：石蜡20.0g，明胶3.0g，表面活性剂4.0g，释放因子水溶液2.6ml。并对其防结块缓释性能进行了测试评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper has summarized the actuality and development of fertilizer, and introduced the mechanism of the agglomeration of grain-fertilizer. The anti-caking and slow-release wrapped fertilizer should be the direction of grain-fertilizer. Because of testing methods in existence of these two functions have limited the exploitation and production of anti-caking and the slow-release technology of grain-fertilizer in a way. The author does research about the effects of temperature, humidity, time on the degree of anti-caking capability. The paper advances the quicker estimate method of the anti-caking capability, which can be done by a constant temperature and humidity box, the method is: on the condition of the relative humidity is 95% and the temperature is 60℃, draw the caking capability curve (the ordinate is the agglomeration rate and the abscissa is time) of complex fertilizer; On the condition of the relative humidity is 85% and the temperature is 40℃, draw the caking capability curve of urea. We design a suit of set and do research upon the effects of liquid temperature, velocity, filter hours on the release rate of nutrient and then advances the quicker drench estimate method of the slow-release capability. It is to adjust the liquid velocity of the set to 4ml/min, and draw the release capability curve of fertilizer (the ordinate is the added release rate of nutrient and the abscissa is time). Contrast different caking capability curve or different release capability curve, then we will estimate the anti-caking and the slow-release capability are better or worse upon different fertilizers. In this experiment, the author chooses paraffin, suface-active agents, isinglass, as the raw materials, adding the release agent. Two method of forming process of envelope are employed, the author studies the effects of different mass ratios of materials on the functions about the envelope. Finally the envelope is prepared, which directions is: the mass of paraffin is 20.0g , isinglass 3.0g, suface-active agents 4.0g, the solution of the release agent 2.6ml. The quicker testing methods got in this paper also be used for testing the anti-caking and the slow-release functions of the envelope.更多还原