【作者】 李雪；

【导师】 幸亨泰；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 百合（lily）是世界名贵的切花之一，其鳞茎具有食用和药用价值。本研究对百合属几个植物的亲缘关系进行了可溶性蛋白质、过氧化物酶同工酶分析，同时对亚洲百合杂交系内杂交及其与原种系间的杂交后代进行了核型、可溶性蛋白质、过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶分析，以期为百合属植物亲缘关系分析提供生化依据，以及为杂交后代的早期鉴定提供细胞学、生化水平的检测指标。 用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了百合属几个植物的可溶性蛋白质和过氧化物酶同工酶谱带，并根据相似系数进行聚类，结果表明：亚洲百合杂种系4个品种聚为一组，同时表明同色的品种具有较近的亲缘关系；兰州百合与川百合先聚合，说明有很近亲缘关系，这为兰州百合为川百合一变种提供有利的生化依据；卷丹成为独立的一组，首先与亚洲百合聚合，然后与其它种聚合。此外，探讨了百合属植物亲缘关系与杂交亲和性的关系。 杂交种子萌发出现了不同于双亲的现象，亲本种子萌发都属于子叶出土型，而兰州百合×黄色及兰州百合×克得利亚中各有一粒种子的萌发，其子叶不生长，直接长出真叶。对早培育胚进行胚培养发现，不同的杂交组合，杂种胚生长所需的激素浓度和配比不同。杂种胚通过愈伤组织途径分化成苗，植株再生频率高，初步鉴定，其同工酶谱带与杂种实生苗是相似的。 百合的第一对和第二对染色体多为中着丝粒和近中着丝粒染色体，可以根据次缢痕有无与位置及臂比鉴定杂种。对于染色体结构差异显著的亲本杂交，可以通过核型分析进行杂种鉴定，兰州百合×黄色及兰州百合×克得利亚的后代中都能发现亲本的特征染色体。而染色体结构无明显差异的种杂交不利于运用核型鉴定杂种。 以兰州百合为亲本的杂交后代，蛋白质谱中不仅出现了与亲本同源但比亲本染色加深的带，而且出现了亲本中不存在的新带。而亚洲杂种系内杂交，即黄色和克得利亚的杂交后代的蛋白质谱为亲本型，没有明显变异。同工酶较蛋白质表现出更强的多态性，兰州百合与黑美人、兰州百合与黄色的杂种F₁同工酶谱主要表现为亲本的不完全互补型和杂种型，兰州百合与克得利亚的杂种F₁过氧化物酶谱为不完全互补型。黄色和克得利亚的杂种F₁同工酶谱表现为偏母本型。因此，蛋白质谱和过氧化物酶及酯酶同工酶谱可以作为百合杂种鉴定的生化指标及进行目标性状植株的检测。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lily is one of the most important cut flowers in the world, its bulbs have high edible and medical values. The pattern of peroxidase isoenzyme and were analysed in several lilium species and cultivars by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the results could be regarded as biochemical evidence for relationships of lilium. The hybrids F1 between in Ldavidii var. unicolor and lilium Asiatic hybrids or cultivars in lilium Asiatic hybrids were researched with their parents by karyotype, soluble protein, esterase isoenzyme and peroxidase isoenzyme. The results provided identification markers of cytology and biochemistry for hybridization at the early stage in lily breeding programs.The cluster analysis according to similarity coefficient of soluble protein and peroxidase showed that ’Yellow’ and ’Omega’ have the most closest relation in lilium Asiatic hybrids. L. davidii var. unicolor was very close to L. davidii. This provided advantageous evidence that L. davidii var. unicolor which came form L. davidii was variety. L. lancifolium was close to lilium Asiatic hybrids. In addition, the relation between compatibility of crosses and genetic relationships was discussed.The germination of two seeds of hybrids was different form their parents. Seeds of their parents were epigeal germination, but two seeds germination of hybrids which were derived form L davidii var. unicolor x’Yellow’ and L davidii var. unicolorx’Cordelia’ were remain cotyledon in seed. No mature seeds were used the method of embryos culture. During culture of the hybrid embryos form different cross classification, the proportion and concentration of hormones were different. Hybrid embryos regenerated by callus and obtained more lily plantlets. Isoenzyme zymograms of lily plantlets by embryos culture were similar to results of seed developed into plantlet.The first and second longest chromosomes are important in karyotype analysis and most of which are metacentric chromosome and submetacentric chromosome in lilium. Hybrids were distinguishable by the existence and position of secondary constriction and arm ratio. Karyotype analyses could be used for evidence of hybridization with obvious difference of parental chromosomes, chromosomes characteristic of both parents were observed in L. davidii var. unicolor x’Yellow’and L davidii var. unicolorx ’Cordelia’. It was difficult to ascertain the hybyidity of lily plants when both of parental chromosomes had a slight difference.The hybrids not only emerged deeper color in common protein zymograms than in both parents, but also had new bands in mother of L. davidii var. unicolor. But protein zymograms were parental type and had no significant difference in ’Yellow’x’Cordelia’. Isoenzyme zymograms had higher polymorphism than protein zymograms. Isoenzyme zymograms of hybrids mainly displayed partly complementary zymograms of the two parents in L. davidii var. unicolorx’Negro’and L. davidii var. unicolorx’Yellow’. Peroxidase zymograms displayed partly complementary zymograms of the two parents in L. davidii var. unicolor x’Cordelia’. However, isoenzyme zymograms were mothernal type in ’Yellow’x ’Cordelia’. The analysis indicated that the patterns of protein , peroxidase and esterase can be used as genetic markers to identify hybrids and determine the plants with object characteristics.更多还原