【作者】 梁亚琴；

【导师】 刘旭东；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 弱势群体是社会转型时期的产物，学校中弱势群体的存在也是我国学校教育由数量规模向质量效益转型过程中的现象。研究和探讨该问题对于更好地推进素质教育，实现教育的公平、公正有重要的意义。 兰州市何家庄小学是一所区属的城市小学，以其为个案，以五年级的小学生为主要的研究对象，通过对学校中不同类型的弱势群体学生在课堂上、课外活动中以及一些特殊场景中的生活现状的描述，展现学校的真实生活、教师的困惑和学生的切实感受。通过研究对象的主位视角，揭示学校教育中存在的弱势群体问题。 从批判理论和多元智力理论相结合的角度出发，采用了观察法、访谈法、调查法、个案法等多种方法，从学校、家庭、社会三个角度分析了弱势群体地位形成的原因，以及学校、家庭面临的困境，最终尝试提出解决学校中弱势群体问题的策略。 在学校中，弱势群体大致分为家庭生活贫困、单亲家庭弱势；性格差异弱势；性别角色弱势；能力不足弱势；生理缺陷弱势。他们的共同特点是：与其他学生群体间的差距拉大；心理上存在明显的不平衡；精神上有强烈的不公平感；学业成绩不良；个人的行为与班级生活分离。造成弱势的原因主要是：家庭教育的缺失、学校教育的不公正。 针对学校中弱势群体存在的现实及其成因，需要从以下几个方面来解决：在学校中承认差异、尊重差异；促成家庭--学校的合作；更新学校教育观念；转变教师的教学观念；改变学校单一的评价制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The disadvantaged group is the consequence of the social transition, and there is also the same group resulting from the school educational transformation from the quantity-aimed education to the quality-aimed education in the school. Thus the study of such problems is of great significance in pushing forward the quality education and in practicing of the educational equality and justice.The HeJiazhuang primary school is a city primary school of Lanzhou. The study chooses it as the case and its three pupils in grade five as the study objects. From the description of life and study of the disadvantaged students both in the class and out the class, the study shows the disadvantaged students’ real life, feelings and also the bewilderment of teachers. On the standing point of the object’s view, the thesis demonstrates the problems existing in the disadvantaged groups of school education.From the perspective of critical theory and multi-intelligences theory, the thesis analyses the reason of disadvantaged group’s formation in the perspectives in the level of school, family and society with observation, questionnaire, interview, individual-case etc, and points out the dilemma faced by these three levels in the end. The thesis presents the possible solution of this problem.In the primary school, the disadvantaged group can be roughly divided into five types: Poor family and single parent type; Character-difference type; Gender-role type; Disability type; Physical deficiency type. What their common characters is: Great gap between the disadvantaged group and other students group; Obvious imbalance in psychology; Intense unfairness in spirit; Low scores in learning; Separation between personal behavior and class activities. The main reasons for causing the disadvantaged group lie in lack of family education and unfairness of school education.Confronting the reality and the cause of the disadvantaged group in school, we can solve the problem by following ways: 1 .We should admit and respect the difference between students and students in school; 2.We should promote the cooperation of the family and the school; 3. We should update the school education conception; 4.We should change the evaluation system of current education.更多还原