【作者】 徐云；

【导师】 周宗奎；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 学会与他人交往是儿童社会性发展的重要内容，交往能力的高低直接影响其成年期的社会适应状况。同伴关系作为儿童社会化的重要动因，与社会技能的关系成为学界关注的热点。但前人的研究主要涉及儿童的同伴关系对其社交地位的影响，社交地位对儿童同伴关系的影响如何，目前国内的研究还相对匮乏。因此，本文旨在探讨这方面的问题。 社会技能是个体有效而适当地与他人进行积极交往的行为方式。对于社会技能的结构，目前还没有统一的说法，国内学者大多采用行为取向，从儿童的自我和成人角度进行测评。鉴于同伴评价的客观性、丰富性和可操作性，本研究结合有关理论研究和开放式、半结构式访谈的结果，得出小学儿童社会技能的“二因素相关模型”，即积极行为技能和消极行为技能。 根据理论构想编制项目，经过项目评价和预试，最终形成正式的“小学儿童社会技能同伴问卷”。以本问卷和同伴提名、教师评定为测量工具，对武汉市某小学的3-6年级448名儿童为被试进行班级内集体施测，利用因素分析和多元回归等统计方法对研究数据进行分析，结果发现： (1)“小学儿童社会技能同伴问卷”具有较好的信、效度，用来做研究是可靠的。 (2)通过访谈与问卷分析发现，小学儿童社会技能的结构有二个基本维度：积极行为技能和消极行为技能，这与理论构想虽然不同，但真实地反映了小学儿童认知发展特点。 (3)同伴评定分数与教师评定分数之间的相关显著。这说明，在儿童的发展过程中，同伴和教师作为不同的评价体系，对于测量结果在一定程度上可以相互验证，但不能互相取代。 (4)同伴的评定结果表明，社会技能具有显著的性别差异，女孩的社会技能明显好于男孩。 (5)积极行为技能对预测儿童是否受欢迎有显著的预测力；消极行为技能能显著预测儿童是否被拒绝；而积极与消极行为技能对儿童是否处于被忽视和一般社交地位都有着非常显著的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Learning to contact with others is an important issue in the field of children’s social development, of which ability show direct influence on adulthood. During children socialization relation between peer relationship, a vital move, and social skill became the focus among researchers. But former researches mainly involved peer relaitonship’s influence on children social skill, meanwhile, there are very few study on how social standing impacts on children social skill to date. Thus, the thesis aimed at exploring it.Social skill is a kind of behavior style individual has active association with others effectively and properly. Up to now, there is no final solution to structure on social skill, which researchers in China evaluate from the perspective of self and peer through behavior approach. In view of objectivity, richness and availability of peer evaluation, the present thesis found "two-factor relation model" of primary children social skill, namely, positive and negative behavior skill, according to previous theories and interviews.After evaluating and pretesting items compiled by ongoing theories constitution, "Primary Children Social Skill Peer Behavior Descriptive Questionnaire" was completed. The questionnaire, peer nomination and teacher evaluation were employed in a sample of 448 children from Grade3 to 6 in Wuhan City. Using factor analysis, regression analysis and manova, the result indicated:(a) "Primary Children Social Skill Peer Questionnaire", having good reliability and validity, proved reliable.(b) Results of interviews and the questionnaire, showed that construction on primary children social skill have two dimensions: positive and negative behavior skill, reflecting real cognitive character of primary school children though differing from previous theories constitution.(c)There is significant correlation between results of the peer nomination(Class Play) and teacher evaluation, which indicating as different evaluation system, peer and teacher, to some extent can validate not substitute its result each other.(d) Gender difference was found, namely, girls got higher scores in social skills than boys.(e) Positive and negative behavior skill are the predictors of popular and rejected children respectively. Both positive and negative behavior skills have significant prediction for neglected and average children.更多还原