【作者】 高瑾；

【导师】 聂珍钊；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 陀思妥耶夫斯基(1821—1881)是俄国19世纪文坛上享有世界声誉的一位小说家，他的创作具有极其复杂、矛盾的性质。他一方面深受俄国传统文化的影响，笃信宗教，另一方面由于处于俄国社会矛盾尤为尖锐的转型时期，他又对自己的宗教救世理想产生了深深的怀疑。陀思妥耶夫斯基这种宗教思想的矛盾性使他在建构小说时采取了独特的叙事模式。所谓“叙事模式”，在本文中主要指陀思妥耶夫斯基大部分小说所共有的叙事特点和规律。 首先，本文在引言部分按国别对陀思妥耶夫斯基小说的研究现状进行了梳理。本文认为，中国国内对陀思妥耶夫斯基小说的研究主要集中在思想和形式两个方面。而本文主要在两者结合的基础上，用开放的文化视角，采用叙事学的批评方法对陀思妥耶夫斯基的小说进行分析，从而确立选题的意义。 其次，本文从结构、视角和时间三个方面分析了陀思妥耶夫斯基小说独特的叙事模式。共分三章。 第一章主要分析了陀思妥耶夫斯基小说的结构模式。本文认为，陀思妥耶夫斯基小说中存在两组对立的故事元素：强者和弱者、拯救者和被拯救者。它们主要遵循一个这样的结构模式：强弱的对立——被拯救者心中善恶的冲突，拯救者和被拯救者思想的冲突——被拯救者的皈依。这一模式建构的基础是二元对立，贯穿一个“拯救”的主题。从表面上看，小说是一种线形结构，具有闭合性的特征，而实质上却具有开放性和未完成性。小说之所以在结构上出现这种矛盾性是由陀思妥耶夫斯基本人的宗教思想和困惑决定的。 第二章主要从视角转换的角度分析了陀思妥耶夫斯基小说的视角模式。本文认为，陀思妥耶夫斯基小说的视角模式主要表现在：小说的主体部分主要采取内聚焦叙事，表现形形色色的思想，而开头和结尾部分常采取全知视角，表述作者的宗教思想。之所以出现这样的视角转换，是由陀思妥耶夫斯基的宗教思想和困惑决定的。此外，由于作者的宗教困惑，他的小说中还出现了“元小说”的叙事方式。馨硕士学位论文MASTER’5 THESIS 第三章主要从时间变形和心理时间这两个方面分析了陀思妥耶夫斯基小说的时间模式。与19世纪传统的现实主义作家(如托尔斯泰)相比，陀思妥耶夫斯基小说的时间模式主要表现在:一方面，他注重时间的共时意义，故事时间较短，像“一场旋风式的运动”，另一方面，他在小说中大量介入了心理时间，叙事绵长细密。陀思妥耶夫斯基之所以采取这样的时间模式也是由他的宗教思想和困惑决定的。 最后，本文在结语部分从俄国文化的角度，分析了陀思妥耶夫斯基采取这种叙事模式的原因。本文认为:他之所以选择这种独特的结构模式、视角模式和结构模式是由他的宗教思想和困惑决定的，和俄国的社会情况、文化传统、作家经历都有一定的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dostoevsky (1821 - 1881) is a great Russian writer well-known to all the world. His writing is very complicated and contradictory. He was religiose and deeply effected by the Russia culture tradition, but he was also deeply suspicious of the idea of the religion redemption since Russia society conflicts at that time was so poignant. The contradiction of Dostoevsky’s religion thoughts reflect on the unique narrative mode of his novels, that is the common characteristics and regulation of the narrative shared by his most novels.Firstly, the thesis describes the background of the study of Dostoevsky’s novels in the preface. In China, the study of Dostoevsky’s novels can be divided into two sorts: the thoughts-study and form-study. Through the perspective of culture and narrative, the thesis integrates the thoughts-study and form-study together.Secondly, the thesis analyzes the unique narrative mode of Dostoevsky’s novels through structure, perspective and time of his narrative. The thesis is divided into three parts.The first part analyzes the structure mode of Dostoevsky’s novels. The author thinks that there are four story factors in Dostoevsky’s narration, which are the powerful character and the powerless character, the character of salvation and the character of being redeemed. They follow such a structure mode: the conflictsbetween the powerful and the powerless--the conflicts between the good and theevil in the mind of the being redeemed, the conflicts between the mind of thecharacter of salvation and the character of being redeemed--the redemption ofthe character of being redeemed. The base of the structure mode is polar opposition and the subject of redemption. The novels are linear and close in structure professedly, but virtually is open and unfinished. The conflicts of the novels’structure are due to Dostoevsky’s religion thoughts and puzzles.The second part analyzes the perspective mode of Dostoevsky’s novels from the transition of the perspectives. The author thinks that Dostoevsky used the limited narrative perspective in the main parts of his novels, exposing different ideas, and used the omniscient narrative perspective in the front and finality of the novels, exposing his religion thoughts. The transition of the perspectives mode alongside with the "meta- narrative" appeared in Dostoevsky’s novels are also due to his religion thoughts and puzzles .The third part analyzes the time mode of Dostoevsky’s novels from time transmutation and mind time. Compared with the traditional realism writers (such as Tolstoy) in the nineteenth century, Dostoevsky thinks a lot of the synchronic meaning of narrative time, the time of the story is very short just like "whirlwind-like move". And Dostoevsky prolong the mind time of the narrative. The unique time mode of Dostoevsky’s novels also has a great deal with his religion thoughts and puzzles.At last, the thesis summarizes the cause of the unique narrative mode of his novels from the Russia culture tradition, especially from the religion thoughts and puzzles of Dostoevsky. It is also has something to do with the Russia society conditions and the writer’s experience.更多还原