【作者】 邹鸿灵；

【导师】 史耀武；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 摘要本文以装甲装备（坦克）重要零部件中的易损件：主离合器分离环和扭力轴为对象，研究其在服役工况条件下的失效机理及寿命预测方法。表面非均匀磨损是分离环常见的失效形式。本文首先利用三维激光测量仪对分离弹子槽的表面非均匀磨损进行了定量测量；然后采用显微分析的手段，结合该分离环的服役工况分析，对分离环工作面的失效机理进行了分析研究。结果表明：分离环弹子槽表面失效的主要原因是冲击式磨粒磨损。在此基础上，本文提出了提高分离环使用寿命的建议措施。扭力轴是车辆悬挂装置中的主要零件。在工作时它承受随机扭转载荷，产生扭转变形，从而吸收能量，达到缓冲和减震的目的。扭力轴在工作过程中，承受三种载荷的作用：路面障碍对它作用产生的随机载荷、坦克自重和预扭产生的残余应力，其中，前者为动载，后两者为静载。本文通过数值分析方法，分别模拟了扭力轴预扭 52°的预扭强化过程、工作扭转 48°的加载过程和由坦克自重造成的扭转 16°的过程，得出了这三种情况下扭力轴的应力分布。结果表明，细径轴体到花键端的过渡处并无明显的应力集中现象，最大应力出现在细径轴体的表面。在此基础上，本文将应力计算的结果和扭力轴材料 45CrNiMoVA 的 S-N曲线及扭力轴工作过程中的载荷谱结合起来，预测了扭力轴的疲劳寿命。最后，本文还研究了强扭处理对扭力轴承载能力和疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明，为了提高扭力轴的承载能力和疲劳寿命，强扭处理是非常有利且必不可少的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Separating ring of clutch and torsion axes which are easily damaged in tank arethe main research objects in this paper. Failure mechanism and life-prediction way tothem are investigated. Nonuniform wear is an important failure way for separating ring of tank. Athree-dimentional laser micrometer is used to measure abrasion loss, and then itsmechanism was investigated by means of micro-analysis combining with analysis ofservice conditions. Results proves that impact abrasive wear mechanism is a majorfactor for wear failure of the separating ring. Then a rational proposal was put forwardto improve the service life of the separating ring of clutch. Torsion axes are important parts in tank’s suspension device. They are subjectedto random torsion loads, and then torsion deformation absorbing energy is produced.Random loads, tank’s weight and residual stress after pre-twisted are applied totorsion axes, when tank is running. By numerical analysis, axes’s stress distributionwas simulated respectively for 52 degree’s pre-torsion, 48 degree’s torsion and 16degree’s torsion. Result shows that stress concentration does not occur in thetransition of axes and splines, and the maximal stress is located in the surface ofthin-diameter axes. On the basis of the above simulation, along with S-N curve of45CrNiMoVA steel which is used for the torsion axes and loads spectrum, fatigue lifeof torsion axes is predicted. Finally, pre-torsion’s effect on torsion axes’s load capacity and fatigue life isstudied. Result proves that it is very important and absolutely necessary for the designof torsion axes to be pre-twisted.更多还原