【作者】 饶立兵；

【导师】 张明方； 郑金和；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业推广， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中晚熟花椰菜是我国花椰菜栽培的主要品种类型，一般作为秋冬季栽培，也是我省花椰菜的主要栽培方式，全省栽培面积约有1万多hm²，主要分布在宁波、台州、温州等沿海地区，金华、丽水、嘉兴等也有零星栽培。但从数据库中搜集的众多文献中有关于中晚熟花椰菜栽培的专门研究论述方面却不多见。针对此，本研究从品种选择、播种期、栽培密度和肥料等影响中晚熟花椰菜高产、优质栽培较为密切的几个方面入手，通过大量的田间试验和调查，考查其农艺、产量和品质等性状，并利用SSR测验法，对有关数据进行系统地分析，旨在建立中晚熟花椰菜高产、优质栽培技术体系，并在广大栽培区域加以推广应用。主要研究结果有： 1．通过中晚熟花椰菜不同品种的比较试验，明确了成功1号100天表现最好，667m²产量达2830kg，极显著高于参试的其它品种，可作为浙江省中晚熟花椰菜进行秋冬季栽培的首选品种。 2．通过不同播种期试验，明确了我省沿海地区进行中晚熟花椰菜栽培的适宜播种期为7月中、下旬，其它地区可因地制宜选择最佳播种期。 3．通过中晚熟花椰菜不同栽培密度试验，表明不同栽培密度在结球期之前无显著差异，而到了结球期，密度过大，发病害重，影响了花球生长：过稀，单位面积总产量降低。结果表明，栽培中晚熟花椰菜应以667m²栽1600株（行距75～80cm，株距55cm）为宜，在该密度下获得的平均单产最高，发病率最低。 4．通过在中晚熟花椰菜上施用氮、钾肥试验，表明增施氮、钾肥都能显著提高中晚熟花椰菜产量，增施氮肥时增产2.3～3.58t·hm^-2，增施钾肥时增产4.6～5.88t·hm^-2。氮、钾肥配施效果较好，可以提高花球的Vc和糖分含量，改善品质，且钾肥的作用比氮肥的更为明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mid-late cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.) cultivars are the major type of cauliflowers in China, which is widely grown in the season of autumn-winter. It is also very popular in Zhejiang province, which covers over 10000 hm2 which is distributed along the seaside region of Zhejiang. It accounts for the major acerage in Ningbo,Taizhou,Wenzhou city , and the minor area in Jinhua, Lishui and Jiaxing Cities. However, researches on growing practices on cauliflower was very scarce in the literature.Therefore we study the various parameters of varieties, sowing-dates, densities and fertilizers on high yield and high quality production of mid-late-maturity cauliflower. Many field tests were used for investigating the characteristics, yield and quality of cauliflowers.The data were collected and analysed by SSR. The main results are as follows:1. Varieties test shows that the"Cheng-gong No.1"(F1 hybrid) which was breeded by Qing-yi vegetable seed multiplication farm, is the best one performed that possess highest yield. Its average yield is 42.45 t.hm~2 , which is the highest among all cultivars tested.It is the first choice for cauliflowers cultivars with mid-late-maturity in Zhejiang.2. Four sowing-dates tests are performed in field conditions using mid-late maturity cauliflower cultivars and the result shows that its proper sowing-date is from the middle until late July in the seaside region in Zhejiang Province.3. Density tests show that vegetative growth differences are less in the early growing period , and either higher or lower densities were unfavourable in the later growing period that leads to severe diseases attack or low yield. It shows that the proper density is 1600 plants per 667 m2 (row spacing for 55 cm multiplied 75-80 cm).4. Fertilizers test shows that blended application of N and K fertilizers on cauliflower could increase both yield and quality in which the content of Vc and sugar is enhanced. Addition of N can increase production amount of 2.3~3.58 t.hm-2, while addition of K can increase 4.6~5.88 t.hm-2 on the average. The beneficial effect of K is much obvious that application of N.更多还原