【作者】 罗杨云；

【导师】 熊传溪；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在查阅了大量国内外有关聚氯乙烯(PVC)改性的文献资料的基础上，采用两种纤维对PVC进行了改性研究，用木纤维改性PVC制备轻质低成本的PVC材料，用辉绿岩代替玻璃纤维拟解决玻璃纤维增强PVC制品难加工的问题。 本文对木纤维进行了改性处理，研究了木纤维／PVC复合材料的形态结构与力学性能，结果表明：硅烷偶联剂和大分子偶联剂混合使用能改善木纤维与PVC的界面粘接，经过偶联剂处理的木纤维／PVC复合材料的力学性能较未处理木纤维／PVC材料高，虽然木纤维／PVC复合材料不能作为结构材料使用，但可作轻质低成本的木塑材料使用。 本文首次对高强度、高刚度、低成本的辉绿岩纤维增强PVC复合材料进行了研究。论文首先对辉绿岩纤维进行了表面改性，然后将改性后的辉绿岩纤维与PVC混炼、压片制备了辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合材料。用转矩流变仪、万能力学试验机、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、动态力学分析(DMA)和差热分析(DSC)重点研究了辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合材料的加工性能、力学性能和微观结构。研究结果表明：尽管辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合体系的加工性能随辉绿岩纤维含量的增加而下降，但当辉绿岩纤维含量小于30份时，辉绿岩纤维／PVC体系的平衡转矩小于50Nm，说明当辉绿岩纤维含量小于30份时能够采用传统加工方法进行加工。IR谱图证示硅烷偶联剂与大分子偶联剂与辉绿岩纤维发生了化学结合；SEM照片证示采用硅烷偶联剂与大分子偶联剂混合处理的纤维在复合材料中分布均匀，与树脂结合较好；DMA分析证示辉绿岩纤维／PVC复合材料的模量较纯PVC显著提高；DSC分析证示辉绿岩纤维／PVC的耐热性较纯PVC提高。复合材料的力学性能随着辉绿岩的增加先升后降，复合材料拉伸强度最高可达56.5MPa，复合材料冲击强度最高可达70.1MPa，说明辉绿岩纤维增强PVC复合材料作结构材料使用。这些研究结果对PVC的工程化具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of surveying of the relative literature about the modification of PVC, two kinds of fibers were used to improve PVC, the light, low cost /wood fiber/PVC composites were made. Using diabase fiber instead of glass fiber reinforce PVC in order to resolve the difficult process problem.the wood fiber was treated, the configuration and the mechanical properties of the wood fiber/PVC composite were studied. Results show that The silane and macromolecule coupling agent could reform the interface of the wood fiber and PVC. the mechanical properties of the treated wood fiber/PVC composite compared with the untreated wood fiber/PVC composite improved. The wood fiber/PVC composite could not be regarded as structure materials, but it is a sort of light, low cost wood-plastic material.In the paper, the diabase fiber was also selected to reinforce PVC for the first time, which has high intensity, high rigidity and low cost, the diabase fiber was treated firstly, then during mixing, melting, pressing procedure, the diabase/PVC composite were prepared. The structure and properties of process and mechanics were analyzed by torque rheometer, omnipotence mechanics tester, IR, SEM, DMA, DSC. Results show that the properties of process droped along with the filling of the diabase fiber, but the balance torque was less than 50Nm when the content of the diabase fiber was less than 30phr, the diabase fiber/PVC composite could be processed by traditional technics. IR showed the chemic reaction take place between the coupling agents and the fiber. SEM illuminated the interfacial adhesion status and the distributing of the fibers changed better. DMA illuminated the modulus of the diabase fiber/PVC composite improved consumedly compare with PVC. DSC showed the heat resistance improved with the addition of diabase fiber. With the filling of diabase, the mechanical properties of the composite increased first and then decreased with a top tensile strength of 56.5Mpa and a top impact strength of 70.1Mpa. These illuminated that the diabase fiber reinforced PVC composites could be used as structure materials. All of the results have an important significance to the engineering of PVC.更多还原