【作者】 刘晨曦；

【导师】 秦玉川；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文调查了美洲斑潜蝇在矮生菜豆上的种群垂直分布，利用嗅觉测定仪测定了植株不同部位叶片对美洲斑潜蝇的吸引程度的差异性，测量了矮生菜豆上、下部分叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度差异性，测定了矮生菜豆上、下部分叶片叶绿素含量、总糖含量、蛋白质含量差异性，并通过不同品种菜豆与美洲斑潜蝇的取食选择关系的试验分析它们与美洲斑潜蝇取食选择的关系。 初步研究了美洲斑潜蝇寄生蜂——芦苇格姬小蜂的寄生行为。 结果表明： 1．美洲斑潜蝇在植株上的垂直分布主要呈聚集分布，成虫和幼虫集中在矮生菜豆的下部取食产卵。 2．美洲斑潜蝇对矮生菜豆上、下部叶片的次生物质的趋性没有显著差异。 3．矮生菜豆的上、下部分叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度有显著的差异性，下部叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度都显著小于上部叶片表面的表皮毛的长度和密度。 4．矮生菜豆的上、下部分叶片的叶绿素含量有显著的差异性，下部叶片的叶绿素含量显著多于上部叶片的叶绿素的含量。 5．矮生菜豆的上、下部分总糖含量有显著的差异性，上部叶片的总糖含量明显多于下部叶片总糖的含量。 6．矮生菜豆的上、下部分的蛋白质含量没有明显的差异性。 7．品种间试验表明叶片表皮毛的长度和密度对美洲斑潜蝇的寄主选择性影响最大，表皮毛的长度和密度值越大，美洲斑潜蝇越不趋向于取食。叶绿素的含量表现在叶片的颜色上，寄主植物的叶片越浓绿，对美洲斑潜蝇的吸引越大，这个因素影响较大。总糖含量对美洲斑潜蝇的取食有一定的影响，寄主植物叶片的总糖含量高时，它不十分愿意取食，但这个因素影响不是很大。寄主植物的叶片蛋白质含量对美洲斑潜蝇的取食选择有较大影响，其含量越高，美洲斑潜蝇越趋向于取食。 8．芦苇格姬小蜂为美洲斑潜蝇的幼虫寄生蜂，比较喜欢在美洲斑潜蝇的三龄幼虫上寄生。更多还原

【Abstract】 The vertical distribution of leaf miner on Phaseolus vulgaris var.humilis Alef was investigated. The differences of the leaves at the different parts of the host plant attracting the leaf miner were detected by using olfactometer. The hair length and density of upper and lower leaves of the host plant were measured. The difference of the content of chlorophyll, total sugar and protein in the different parts of the host plant was determined. The relationship between the characters of different host bean varieties and feeding preference of leaf miner was studied.The behavior of its parasitoid Pnigalio phragmitis Erdos was also studied.The main results are summarized as follow:1.The vertical distribution pattern of leaf miner on the host plant is aggregate. Both of adults and larvae prefer to feed in the lower leaves of the host plant.2.There was no significant difference of secondary substance between upper and lower leaves.3.The difference of the hair length and density of the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is significant, and the hair length and density of the upper leaves are more than that of the lower.4.The difference of the content of chlorophyl in the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is significant, and the content of chlorophyl in the upper leaves is less than the lower.5.The difference of the content of total sugar in the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is significant, and the content of total sugar in the upper leaves is more than the lower.6.The difference of the content of protein in the upper and lower leaves of the host plant is not significant.7.The hair length and density of leaves surface have the greatest effect on the feeding preference. The more of the hair length and density, the less of the feeding of the leaf miner on the host plant. The color of the leaves is decided by the content of chlorophyl. Deeper color leaves can attract more adults. The content of total sugar has a little effect on the leaf miner feed preference, but the content of protein has greater effect on the feeding preference. There is a positive relationship between the feeding preference of leaf miner and the content of the total sugar from its host plant.8.The parasitoid of the leaf miner, Pnigalio phragmitis Erdos, prefers the third instar to parasitizing.更多还原