【作者】 李学勇；

【导师】 赵德明；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 预防兽医， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过大量的文献调研和实地考察，对我国实验动物屏障设施建设现状进行分析，总结设施建设存在的主要问题；结合实践，对我国实验动物屏障设施的规范化建设提出对策。 1、我国实验动物屏障设施建设现状：自上世纪80年代初，我国的实验动物工作开始步入快速发展的轨道。“九五”期间，在法律法规和经费的有力支持下，屏障设施建设发展较快。“十五”以来，国家和各地通过建立健全法制化管理体系、全面贯彻实验动物许可证制度等举措，进一步提高了其建设速度和质量。 2、我国实验动物屏障设施建设中存在的主要问题：少数单位因对设施净化的重要性认识不足而投入力度不大；由于缺乏专业的设计队伍和规范指导，加之施工工艺不科学，“病态工程”时有发生；笼架具设计不科学，生产经营缺乏统一管理。 3、我国实验动物屏障设施规范化建设的对策： 1)建设单位在建设之前，首先要充分论证其必要性和可行性，以充分利用本地资源，避免重复建设；安排具有设施管理经验的专业人员负责设施建设；对拟建设施提出科学、合理的设计要求；工程施工中，聘请设施建设专家和专业监理队伍，加强工程质量监督。 2)设计单位在设计时，应着重考虑布局合理、防止污染、不间断洁净通风、节约能源、温湿度和压力恒定、消防设施配套等要素。 3)施工单位应按照图纸，强化管理、规范施工，确保建设质量。 4)国家有关部门应该进一步加强法律法规宣传教育，提高广大科技工作者，尤其是相关单位的领导对实验动物屏障设施重要性的认识；出台与国标《实验动物 环境及设施》(GB 14925—2001)相配套的《实验动物设施建设规范》；对实验动物笼架具的生产经营实施统一的许可证管理制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this article, after consulting the literature and spot survey in large, I analyzed the status in quo of construction and summarized the main problems about Barrier Housing Facilities of Laboratory Animal (BHFLA). Combining with my own experience, I also gave some countermeasures about standard construction of BHFLA.Current status of domestic construction of BHFLA is as followed: It was from 1980’s that domestic laboratory animal project came into blossom. During the ninth "Five-Year-Plan", favored by related legislations and funds, the construction of BHFLA developed rapidly. Since the tenth "Five-Year-Plan", the State and regions established and strengthened the legalized administrative system, carried out the license system of laboratory animal. And consequently, further boosted the development of construction of BHFLA.Major faults in domestic construction of BHFLA existed in the following aspects: A few of organizations were indifferent in regarding the construction of BHFLA and paid little efforts to it. Lacking of specialized designers and standard instructions together with unjustified techniques in construction, the "morbid project" emerged frequently. The design of the case was unscientific, and the business was lake of unified administration.Countermeasures to standard construction of BHFLA in domestic are as follows:Before execution, in order to make full use of the local resources and reduce the cost, the executor need to argument on the necessity and feasibility of BHFLA. Employ experienced manager in the field of BHFLA to take charge of the project. And supply the scientific and reasonable requirements of design. The quality of the project must be controlled by the expert of BHFLA and the superintendent.The designers must primarily take into account on the following key factors: reasonable layout, resisting contamination, keeping continuous clean ventilation, saving energy, keeping temperature, humidity and pressure maintenance, preparing fire control.The constructors must be working strictly in accordance with the drawings , enhancing administration, standardizing operation, and ensuring for the quality of project.The department of administration in our country should further enhance education and propaganda, and heighten the important cognition of BHFLA to the scientific worker, especially to the leader of the concerned organization. Enact 《Constructional Code about the Housing Facilities of Laboratory Animal》, which is corresponding to the national standard 《Laboratory Animal-Requirements of Environment and Housing Facilities》(GB 14925-2001). At last, the license system of management with the domestic business of laboratory animal case is necessary.更多还原