【作者】 宋丽芬；

【导师】 朱启臻；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 种植业， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国东部经济发达地区人地关系紧张，土地承包政策落实的状况对该地区农村经济的发展和农村社会的稳定具有十分重要的意义。我国目前农村土地使用制度改革的重点是推行土地承包“30年不变”政策，稳定土地承包权，搞活土地使用权。但研究和实践表明这项政策实施的效果并不理想。本文选择有代表性的山东省烟台市作为研究对象，研究“30年不变”政策在该地区的实施状况。在此基础上总结分析政策实施过程中政府和农户两者之间行为的默契程度和存在的问题，从国家社会宏观角度和农民微观角度两个方面研究给出一些政策性建议，从而为“30年不变”政策的进一步完善和农村土地使用制度改革提供思路。该文认为大部分村庄已经施行“30年不变”政策，政策的后续工作—土地使用权的流转也开展的有声有色，形成了许多的经验做法，但是在推行政策的过程中也出现了许多的问题。农村劳动力的流动和政府的推动为土地的流转创造了条件，但仍然存在强制性、考虑眼前利益、混淆土地承包权与经营使用权关系的现象，特别是把土地流转作为增加乡村收入的手段或作为地方“政绩”形象工程的手段而损害农民利益的现象仍然存在。这些问题表明土地承包权所包含的内容尚未定型和系统化，承包土地的市场配置缺乏有效的规范化的流转机制，土地使用权的价值和价格缺乏计量和考核标准，实现农地使用权流转的中介组织发育滞后。因此该文认为政府在当前土地使用制度创新中充当着重要角色，应担当起弥补制度供给不足缺陷的责任。此外要尽快完善承包土地流转的基础性工作，同时要下大力气改善土地承包权的外部环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between man and land became tension in the eastern economic developed areas of China. It had significant role to develop rural economy and social stability by putting land contract policy into effect. The key of the reform of the institution of current rural land use was to carry the policy of "30 years fixedness" out and keep land contract right stabilization and land use right activation. However, the practice and research work showed the effect was not so perfect. So Yantai city, Shandong Province was taken as the research object to study how the policy of "30 years fixedness" working in this areas. Depending on the groundwork, illuminated whether the relationship between government and farmers_was good or not and what was the problem. Then some policy suggestions would be given from two ways of social (macro-) and farmer individual (microcosmic). Those will give a new idea to perfect the policy of "30 years fixedness" further and the institution innovation of rural land use. Most of areas had carried the policy of "30 year fixedness" out and land use right turnover in progress. Those practices not only formed many experience ways, but caused lots of trouble. The rural labor force flowage and government force had created the circumstance for land turnover. On the other side, caused problems as compulsion, only considering the current benefits and confusion land contract right and land use right etc., especially took land turnover as the means to increase rural input or as local achievement to damage the farmers’ benefits. All those questions showed the contents of land contract right still not completed and systematized, and contracted land market scheme lacked validness and standardization, the value and the price of land use right were devoid of measure and assessment criterion, also some agencies for realizable land turnover developed lag. So government should take the key role on the institution innovation of current land use and remedy the systematic deficiency duty and perfect the land turnover basic work and improve the surroundings of land contract right.更多还原