【作者】 孟丽；

【导师】 乔娟；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 产业经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以国际贸易理论和竞争优势理论为基础，对中国小麦的国际竞争力进行实证分析，确定了影响中国小麦国际竞争力的主要因素，提出了有针对性的提高中国小麦国际竞争力的对策建议，本文主要对下述问题进行了研究。 首先，通过国际市场占有率、主要进口国市场占有率、本国国内市场占有率、贸易竞争指数等指标的国际比较发现：中国小麦的国际竞争力水平一直较弱，近两年略微有所上升。 其次，通过对影响小麦国际竞争力的主要因素的国际比较发现：中国小麦单位产品生产成本具有明显优势，但由于较高的流通费用，导致在价格上不具有优势；小麦质量较差、品质不稳定是导致中国小麦国际竞争力较低的主要因素；生产要素中化肥和劳动力投入对中国小麦生产力水平的影响程度较小，而种子、灌溉和机械投入对小麦生产力水平的的影响程度较大，因此小麦生产投入要以增加种子、灌溉和机械的投入为主，代替大量的化肥和劳动力投入，进一步降低小麦单位产品成本，增强中国小麦国际竞争力；中国小麦的上下游辅助产业(包括品种资源、生产资料和加工业)的国际竞争力较弱，发展较为滞后；中国小麦生产者的组织化程度较低严重制约了中国小麦质量的提高、流通费用的降低和加工业的发展；小麦生产经营活动本身的特点决定了在充分发挥市场机制作用的基础上，必须通过政府的宏观调控来克服其市场机制的失灵，保障市场机制有效运行，但通过国际比较研究发现：中国政府在生产者支持、市场体系建设和国际贸易政策上对小麦的支持水平较低，与提高中国小麦国际竞争力的要求有较大差距，尤其是较低的生产者支持水平和市场体系建设程度制约了中国小麦国际竞争力的提高。 最后，在对上述问题进行国际比较研究的基础上，我们提出提高中国小麦国际竞争力的对策建议如下：加强集中连片的优势小麦产区建设，有利于优良品种大面积推广种植和小麦统种统收，从而克服中国小麦质量不稳定的难题，优势小麦带建设也有利于提高生产者的组织化程度和产业链增值：加强政府对小麦生产经营的宏观调控，在WTO框架内加人小麦生产者支持水平、完善生产者支持结构、加快小麦市场体系建设等。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research gave an analysis of demonstration on the international competitiveness of wheat in China, with the foundation of the international trade theory and competitive advantage theory. Main factors that affect the international competitiveness of wheat in China were confirmed, and some policy implications that would improve the international competitiveness of wheat in China were put forward. The main issues of the research are put as following:Firstly, with the international comparing of market sharing rate and trading competitive index, it was revealed that wheat in China has inferior international competitiveness with a bit rising during current years, however, which is still behind that of the main wheat export countries.Secondly, after the international comparing of the main factors that affect the international competitiveness of wheat, it was discovered that Chinese wheat has the obvious cost advantage on unit product, while because of the high circulation fee, it results in inferior advantage on the price; low and unstable quality is another factor which leads to inferior wheat competitiveness; the input of fertilizer and labor makes little impact on the productivity of Chinese wheat, while the input of seeds, irrigation and machine makes a strong impact, so it should be more invested in seeds, irrigation and machine to reduce wheat’s unit cost. The assistant industries of the wheat, such as breed, production materials and processing industries, have inferior international competitiveness and lagged development. The organized level of wheat producers is very low in China, which strongly restricts the increase of wheat quality, reduction of circulation fee and development of processing industries. The characteristic of wheat production activity determines that the wheat market needs the government’s control to get rid off market failure and to ensure its efficiency. Comparing with other countries, the effect of government promotion of the wheat market in China are still far backward, especially its low level of the producer supporting, establishment of market system, and international trade policies, which have seriously ristricted the enhancement of Chinese wheat competitiveness.Finally, the policy implications for China to improve wheat international competitiveness are put forward as the following: 1) To enhance the construction of centralized region of wheat, which will help to extend the application area of excellent breeds, so as to overcome the problem of quality instability. Additionally, the construction of centralized region will improve the organized level of producers and increase industries values. 2) To strengthen the government’s control of wheat market. Under the framework of WTO, the government should increase the supporting level of wheat producers, improve the supporting structure of producers and perfect the wheat market system.更多还原