【作者】 王积军；

【导师】 肖海峰；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 入世前，有关部门和一些专家预测，我国小麦将面临进口小麦，尤其是美国小麦的冲击。入世两年来，我国小麦进口数量不但没有增加，反而呈减少趋势。面对这种变化，我国小麦国际竞争力应如何定位，政府部门和研究研究人员都在进行积极的探索。 本研究采用比较分析方法对我国小麦国际竞争力指标进行了测算，采用因素分析方法对影响我国小麦竞争力的因素进行了国际比较。同时，对世界主要小麦进出口国特征、我国小麦供需特点进行了分析。 本研究表明，目前我国小麦国际竞争力还很弱，与发达国家在诸多方面还存在很大差距。如品质整体水平较差且不稳定、生产成本高、质量标准和品质检测体系不健全、加工工艺落后和缺少深加工，以及产销脱节等问题。但近几年，我国小麦，尤其是优质专用小麦的发展取得了长足的进步，培育出一批品质与进口小麦品质相当的品种，优势区域逐步形成，首次实现了食用小麦出口，河南郑州小麦列入全球硬质小麦报价单。这些情况表明，我国小麦在国际市场的竞争力逐步提高，而且在东南亚市场具有明显的区位价格优势。 为尽快提高我国小麦国际竞争力，今后应采取如下战略和措施：一是要制定立足于国内主战场，适当向东南亚国家出口的发展战略；二是通过加强品种选育、基地建设和标准化栽培等措施，稳定提高小麦品质和供货能力；三是完善我国小麦各类标准，为生产和加工提供科学依据，同时也作为限制国外小麦进口的技术壁垒：四是加大小麦加工的技改力度，发展小麦精深加工：五是建立健全小麦品质检测体系，加强市场信息服务；六是加强技术研究和节本增效技术的推广，降低小麦生产成本；七是研究小麦TCK的预警与控制，确保我国小麦安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 It was predicted that China’s wheat sector would face serious challenges from importing wheat After WTO entry, particularly more and more American wheat would enter into Chinese market. In the past two years since China’s entry into WTO, the amount of wheat importing from other countries reduced year by year. Reseachers and officials are trying to find out why the fact is different from the prediction. The study aims at using statistic method to measure international competitiveness of China’s wheat, and adopting comparative method to analyse the factors that affect China’s wheat competitiveness. Meanwhile, it also analyses the characteristics of wheat importing and exporting countries in the world, as well as wheat supply and demand of China.The study shows that China’s wheat competitiveness is very week. Compared to developed countries, the quality of China’s wheat is poorer and more unsteadily, cost of production is higher, quality standard testing system is week and the processing skills are still relatively under-developed. At the same time, the wheat production of China could not be linked with the sales market smoothly up to now. On the other hand, China’s wheat production, especially high quality wheat development has made great progress in recent years. Firstly, we have bred some new wheat varieties whose quality is equal to that of importing wheat. Secondly, the superior areas planting special-use wheat are being built now. Thirdly, in year of 2002, China exported food wheat to Southeast Asia for the first time, and zhengzhou wheat has been listed in the globle hard wheat price system. All these changes show that China’s wheat competitiveness has been improved gradually and has obvious superiority of area and price in Southeast market.In order to improve the international competitiveness of China’s wheat as soon as possible, the following strategies and measures should be taken. Firstly, on the basis of meeting domestic market need, we would export properly some wheat to the counties of Southeast Asia. Secondly, the wheat quality and supply capability would be improved steadily through variety breeding, production base establishing and extending technology of standardization cultivation. Thirdly, wheat standard system should be consummated in order to guide the production and processing of wheat, in the meanwhile, it could be used as the technology barrier that could restrict wheat importing. Fourthly, the technology of wheat transforming and further processing should be improved. Fifthly, we should build and improve quality inspection system of wheat and strength market information service. Sixthly, the production cost would be reduced rapidly through extending some advanced cultivation technologies concern. Finally, through establishing the pre-alam and controlling system of wheat TCK, we could insure the wheat sector of China in a safe state.更多还原