【作者】 周莉华；

【导师】 倪永珍；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验是在十年研究的基础上，在华北地区小麦—玉米典型耕作制度下，对土壤长期施用EM生物有机肥，研究其对冬小麦和夏玉米的生产效果与作用机理。研究结果表明： 连续十年施用EM生物有机肥明显提高作物产量。每公顷施15000kgEM生物有机肥已连续7年保持亩产吨粮的水平，每公顷年均单产16779.7kg，效果稳定。每公顷施7500kgEM生物有机肥也连续6年保持了亩产吨粮的水平。每公顷施15000kgEM生物有机肥的历年平均单产比等量传统堆肥、施肥量减半的EM生物有机肥、化肥分别增产9.2％、15.5％、34.8％；每公顷施7500kgEM生物有机肥比等量传统堆肥、化肥、EM浸种处理分别增产7.2％、16.7％、72.3％。EM生物有机肥在提高产量的同时，也改善了作物的品质。作物籽粒粗蛋白含量以EM生物有机肥的两个处理最高，每公顷施15000kgEM生物有机肥处理的小麦籽粒粗蛋白含量比等量传统堆肥、施肥量减半的EM生物有机肥、化肥、EM浸种处理分别提高5.5％、4.9％、10.4％、19.9％；每公顷施15000kgEM生物有机肥处理的夏玉米籽粒粗蛋白含量比等量传统堆肥、施肥量减半的EM生物有机肥、化肥、EM浸种处理分别提高3.7％、2.1％、10.4％、21.3％。 分析产量提高和品质改善的原因，得到以下结论：EM的加入促进了有机肥养分的分解和释放，EM生物有机肥土壤的有效氮、磷、钾含量显著提高，充足的肥料供给使植株的N、P、K含量增加，机体的功能得到改善，作物功能叶片的叶绿素含量和光合速率提高。光合作用的增强促使植株干物质积累量增加，从而为灌浆和籽粒饱满打下坚实的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The production effects and action mechanism of applied EM biological-organic fertilizer to winter-wheat and summer-maize under the typical cropping systems of the Huabei area in china were analyzed. The results are as follows:EM compost could obviously and steadily promoted winter-wheat and summer-maize yield. The annual average yield of treatment applied EM compost 15000kg/hm2 was 16779.7kg/hm2 and had been keeping at 1000kg/mu for seven years continuously, which was higher than treatments applied the same amount tradition compost, 7500kg/hm2 EM compost and chemical fertilizer by 9.2%, 15.5% and 34.8% respectively; It of treatment applied EM compost 7500kg/hm2 had been keeping at 1000kg/mu for six years continuously too, which was higher than treatments applied the same amount tradition compost, chemical fertilizer and EM soaked seed by 7.2%, 16.7% and 72.3% respectively.Not only the crop yield could be raised, but also the crop quality could be improved effectively applied EM biological-organic fertilizer. The prude protein content of crop seed of treatments applied EM compost was higher than other treatments’. Of which, it of winter-wheat seed of treatments applied EM compost 15000kg/hm2 was higher than treatments applied the same amount tradition compost, 7500kg/hm2 EM compost, chemical fertilizer and EM soaked seed by 5.5%, 4.9%, 10.4% and 19.9% respectively; it of summer-maize seed of treatments applied EM compost 15000kg/hm2 was higher than treatments applied the same amount tradition compost, 7500kg/hm2 EM compost, chemical fertilizer and EM soaked seed by 3.7%, 2.1%, 10.4% and 21.3% respectively too.The main causes resulted in the yield and quality difference among treatments were that it was beneficial to decomposing and releasing nutrients in compost when mixed EM and it was raised significantly for the rapid availability of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in soil applied EM biological-organic fertilizer, which increased the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium nutrient content in stem, leaf blade and ear and improved the organism function, and then the chlorophyll content and rate of photosynthesis of crop functional leaf blade were raised, the strengthened photosynthesis increased the plant dry matter content, thereby laid a foundation for seed-filling.更多还原