【作者】 王建东；

【导师】 李光永；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 滴头是滴灌系统最为关键的部件之一，因此，对滴头水力性能和抗堵塞性能的研究有着极为重要的意义。本文的研究内容和实验结果分析主要包括5个部分：(1)研制开发了一种灌水器水力性能和抗堵塞性能实验测试装置。该装置既能测定灌水器的水力性能(包括流量压力关系、水温对流量的影响、灌水器制造偏差等)，又能测定灌水器的抗堵塞性能(包括物理堵塞和化学堵塞)。(2)对7种典型流道结构形式的滴头分别在不同流道长度下的水力性能进行了研究。比较了不同结构形式滴头的流态指数和相同工作压力和流量下的流道长度与流道截面积，分析了其抗堵塞性能，得出了较佳的几种流道结构，并建立了描述滴头流量与工作压力及流道长度之间关系的函数模型。(3)以齿形流道结构中齿角度、齿间距、齿高、流道深度为实验因素，每个因素选用4个水平，进行正交实验，研究了齿形流道结构参数对滴头水力性能的影响。根据实验结果分析了各因素之间的最优组合，分析了各因素对滴头流态指数、滴头流量的影响显著性，并在流道长度一定的情况下，建立了10m工作水头下滴头流量与流道结构参数之间的模型。(4)在参考ISO抗堵塞实验国际标准草案的基础上，制定了抗堵塞实验方案，研究了齿形流道结构参数对滴头抗堵塞性能的影响。根据抗堵塞实验结果，分析了各参数之间的最优组合和各因素对滴头抗堵塞性能影响的显著性。此外，还分析了流道宽度、滴头流量与齿形滴头抗堵塞性能之间的内在关系。(5)根据水工模型定律，放大滴头原型，探索了其与滴头原型的水力相似性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Emitters are one of the key parts of drip irrigation system. Thus, the study on the hydraulic performance and anti-clogging ability of emitters has important significance. The content and results analysis in this paper conclude the following four parts: (I) An equipment for testing the hydraulic performance and anti-clogging performance of emitters has been developed. This equipment can test the emitters’ hydraulic performance, which includes the relationship between pressure and flow rate, the impact on flow rate by water temperature, manufacturer’s coefficient of variation of emitters. It also can test the emitters’ anti-clogging ability, which comprises physical clogging and chemical clogging. (2) Hydraulic performance of seven typical emitters forms were studied under different flow passage length respectively through experiments. The exponent of flow state of these emitters was compared. Under the same working pressure and flow rate, the flow passage length and cross-section area of the seven different emitters were compared. According to those results, the anti-clogging ability of emitters was analyzed and several good structural form of flow passage were obtained. In addition, regression model describing the relationship among flow rate, the length of flow passage and work pressure was set up. (3) Quadrature experiment consisted of four experimental factors including dental angle, space between dental structure, dental height and the depth of flow passage of dentate, any one of which has four different values. How these dental structural parameters affected hydraulic performance of dentate emitters was studied. The optimal combination among structural factors was obtained through experimental results. In addition, which experimental factor has significant influence on the exponent of flow state and flow rate of these emitters was analyzed. Finally, several regression models describing the relationship between flow rate and structural parameters of flow passage were set up under the condition of certain flow passage length and 10m working pressure. (4) Anti-clogging experimental scheme was established on the basis of referring to ISO Anti -clogging experimental scheme which is still under discussion. How these structural parameters affected anti -clogging ability of dentate emitters was studied. According to the test results, the optimal combination among structural factors was obtained and which structural factor has significant influence on the anti -clogging ability of these emitters was analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship among flow passage width, flow rate of emitters and anti -clogging ability of dentate emitters was analyzed. (5) Finally, an enlarged emitter model was designed according to hydraulic engineering model principle, which was used for exploring hydraulic similarity between the original model and the enlarged model.更多还原