【作者】 陈俊意；

【导师】 梁颖；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 1、甘蓝型黄籽油菜油分合成特点 在种子发育不同时期，测定甘蓝型油菜黄、黑籽种子的含油量、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、异柠檬酸脱氢酸(IDH)和异柠檬酸裂解酶(ILY)的活性；比较黄、黑籽之间含油量以及这三种酶的动态变化的差异，结果表明，在种子发育初期，黄、黑间含油量无明显差异，随着种子不断成熟，黄、黑籽油分快速积累，黄籽积累速度快于黑籽。种子成熟时，黄籽种子含油量高于黑籽，达到显著差异。在种子发育初期，SDH、IDH和ILY活性较低，随着种子发育，三种酶活性迅速增强，在开花31天后三种酶活性达到持续稳定高峰期。其中SDH在开花41d后略有下降，黄、黑籽间差异明显。当种子成熟时，黄、黑籽间SDH活性无明显差异。IDH活性也是在31至41期间达到稳定高峰期，黄籽高于黑籽，差异极明显。开花后41天，黄籽IDH活性是黑籽的2倍。种子成熟时，黄、黑籽间IDH活性差异明显，表明IDH活性对最终种子油份含量起很重要的作用。ILY活性在开花27天后，黄、黑籽均呈现明显上升趋势，黄、黑籽ILY活性达到最大值，黄籽峰值平均为黑秆的2.8倍，黄、黑籽间差异明显。开花34—41期间，ILY活性为持续稳定高峰期，黄籽始终高于黑籽，当种子成熟时，黄籽ILY活性为黑籽的3.2倍，差异明显。 用SDH抑制剂——丙二酸(PTS)和苹果酸钠(OAN)处理植株，发现种子含油量减少。相关分析表明，种子含油量与SDH和ILY活性是显著正相关，与IDH是不显著正相关，说明SDH和ILY对种子油份合成有直接影响。 2、甘蓝型黄籽油菜合油量与粒色关系 在种子形成过程中，分别以油分、色素及其相关合成酶的抑制剂处理植株，结果发现，油分合成抑制剂四氢呋喃(FHH)和SDH抑制剂(PTS和OAN)种子含油量减少，种皮黑色素和花色素含量增加，油分合成促进剂(LMS)处理植株，种子含油量增加，种皮黑色素和花色素含量减少，色素合成抑制剂亚硫酸钠(YSS)以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)抑制剂——二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(TSA)利聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性(PAL)抑制剂——对一羟基苯甲酸钠(DBA)和过氧化物酶(POD)抑制剂(Vc)处理植株，种子含油量增加，而种皮黑色素和花色素含量减少。 相关分析表明，种子含油量与种皮花色素含量呈显著负相关，与种皮黑色素含量呈极显著负相关。 3、甘蓝型黄籽油菜含油量与蛋白质的关系 以蛋白质抑制剂——盐酸林可霉素(HLN)处理植株，种子含油量增加，蛋白质含量减少，油分合成抑制剂(FHH)处理植株，种子含油量减少，蛋白质含量增加，油分合成促进剂(LMS)处理植株，种子含油量增加，蛋白质含量减少。相关分析表明，种子含油量与蛋白质呈显著负相关。 4、甘蓝型黄籽油菜与糖份的关系 以油分合成抑制剂(FHH)处理植株，种子含油量和糖份含量均减少，以油分合成促进剂——柠檬酸(LMS)处理植株，种子含油量和糖份含量均增加，以糖份合成抑制剂——正磷酸钠(NPO)处理植株，种子含油量和糖份含量均减少。相关分析表明，种子含油量与糖份含量呈不显著正相关。 5．不同时期不同化学调控剂处理对甘蓝型黄籽油菜相关品质的影响 在种子成熟收获前1周，收获前1天以及种子脱粒后，用7组不同化学调控剂处理植株或种子，结果表明，不同时期 西南农业大学硕士学位论文一.嗯旦月目户腆喃孺钾典点...~口...口.里.里里.里.目国.口目目不同化学调控剂处理对种子含油量、黄籽度，蛋白质含量均有影响。 对含油量的影响:收获前1周以2%亚硫酸钠和lg.L一’vC混合液、0.5%柠檬酸和lg.t-lvc混合液、1%柠檬酸以及2%亚硫酸钠处理植株，种子含油量均提高，只有2%亚硫酸钠和lg.L-IVc混合液处理植株达到显著水平。收获前1天处理中，0.5%柠檬酸和lg.U，vc混合液、2%亚硫酸钠和lg.L’，vc混合液处理植株，种子含油量均提高。种子发育不同时期各种处理中，收获前1天2%亚硫酸钠十vc lg.L一’混合液处理植株，种子含油量提高最多。种子脱粒后各种处理，种子含油量均提高。与对照比较，以1%柠檬酸使种子含油量提高最多。 对黄籽度的影响:收获前1周和收获前l大所有处理黄籽度均有不同程度提高，以收获前1天2%亚硫酸钠和1 g.L一，vc混合液处理提高黄籽度最佳，为4.8，达极显著水平。收获脱粒后，所有处理黄籽度均有提高，以1%柠檬酸处理植株，黄籽度提高最多，达4.9，为极显著水平。 对蛋白质的影响:所有处理种子蛋白质含量均有变化，其中以收获前1周lg.L一，vc，种子蛋白质含量增加最大，达1.8%。以收获前1周2%亚硫酸钠和lg.L一1 vc混合液处理植株，种子蛋白质含量减少最多，在一2.4%。 对发芽率的影响:不同时期不同处理对发芽率均无明显影响。 综上所述，种子发育不同时期各种处理中，收获前1天以2%亚硫酸钠和lg.L一’vc混合液提高含油量同时提高黄籽度的最佳化学调控剂。种子脱粒后各种处理，以1%柠檬酸为提高含油量和黄籽度的最佳化学调控剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yellow-seeded rape (Brassica napus L.) is characterized with thinner seedcoat, higher oil and protein content and lower fiber compared with black ones under the same genetic background . Many researchers obtained the same conclusion through their studies that the content of protein and oil content is negatively related with the luster of the testa..On the other hand, the heredity of the testa color is not unstable.Based on this,we tried to understand the metabolism pathway containing the pigment,protein and carbohydrate through chemistry regulation using three pairs of near-isogenic lines of black- and yellow-seeded rape as experiment materials.The results are as follows:1 .Characteristic of lipid synthesis in rape: The dynamic variation of activity of many enzymes such as SDH,IDH,ILY and oil content were measured and the difference between the two types rape was analysed. The oil content in the yellow- was not significantly different from the black-seeded lines at the early development stage. With the maturation of the seeds,the oil bagan to accumulate quickly, what’s more, the accumulation in the yellow- was faster than that of black ones.After maturation,the oil content in the yellow- was obviously higher than that in yellow-ones. The activity of the enzymes (SDH,IDH,ILY) was low at the early period of development, then they increased and reached the maxium in 31 days after flowering. The changes in the content of SDH,IDH and ILY was very obvious between yellow- and black-seeded in seed and the difference was up to significant level. However,the difference among variety was not obvious. The difference of SDH,1DH and ILY in seed was significant level when seed was in maturity between yellow- and black-seeded in seed. Correlation analysis between one group of enzymes(SDH,IDH and ILY) and oil content was done.2 The correlation coefficient between oil content and enzymes including SDH and ILY was positive,it is no positive between oil content and IDH,which suggested that SDH and ILY affected oil content of rapeseed.While the activity of SDH enzyme was repressed ,the oil content was decrease. We utilized FHH to repress oil synthesize ,the oil content also was drop.Citric acide promoted oil synthesize.3 Relationship between oil content and protein was as followsrthe oil content was increase but protein decreas after treatment of rape with protein(HLN) and oil regulaters(LMS). :the oil content was decrease but protein increas after treatment of rape with oil regulaters(FHH). Correlation analysis between oil content and protein indicated that oil content was negative correlation withprotein.4 Relationship between oil content and sugar was as follows:the oil content and sugar was delining after treatment of rape with FHH and NPO respectively,while treated with LMS.the oil content and sugar was increase.it showed no significant correlation by variance analysis.5 Effect of treatment with chemical regulations during different time on rapeseed.the time was 7days and 1day before mature and after harvest.the plant or seed were treated with 7chemical regulaters.The results are as follows:The effect of chemical regulaters on oil content of rapeseed:special chemical regulators.such as citric acide.sodium sulfite and Vc could improve oil content of rapeseed, the mixture of 2% sodium sulfite and Ig.L’1 Vc had the best effect among 7 groups of chemical regulators in lday before gaining,which improve oil content of rapeseed . All those regulators in the experiment could improve oil content of threshing seed of yellow-seeded rapeseed,but 1% citric acide had the best effect among 7 groups of chemical regulators.The effect of chemical regulaters on yellow-seeded degree of rapeseed: the mixture of 2% sodium sulfite and 1g.L-1 Vc had the best effect among 7 groups of chemical regulators in lday before gaining,which improve yellow-seeded degree of yellow-seeded rapeseed. All those regulators in the experiment could improve yellow-seeded degree of yellow-seeded rapeseed of threshin更多还原