【作者】 李秀芝；

【导师】 李凭力；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 化学工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 燃料型减压塔的主要任务是为催化裂化或加氢裂化提供裂化原料，基本要求是在尽量避免油料发生分解反应的条件下尽可能多地拔出减压馏分油，目的是最大限度地提高经济效益。做到这一点的关键在于降低汽化段到塔顶的流动压降和提高塔顶的真空度。本文通过分析燃料型减压蒸馏的工艺流程特点，把直接接触式传热技术应用于减压塔，提出了新的工艺流程。同时，以华北常渣的物性及恩氏蒸馏数据为基础，对减压蒸馏体系进行了模拟计算，根据模拟结果对燃料型减压塔进行了工艺设计。新流程由于采用了空塔传热技术、重减压瓦斯油（HVGO）在两个连续的塔段中进行冷凝的技术、减压塔一线拔出柴油的技术、“干式”减压蒸馏技术及减压过汽化油炉前循环技术等，使得在保证产品质量的同时拔出率有了很大的提高。为了寻求直接接触式传热技术应用于减压塔的实验依据，本文对喷射式分布器进行了工业规模的喷淋和传热实验研究。同时，针对喷射式分布器的雾沫夹带弊端，提出了淋降式分布器并进行了工业规模的传热实验研究。结果表明，空塔喷淋取热技术应用于传热为主传质为辅的燃料型减压塔行之有效。这样做一方面可以节省较为昂贵的填料投资，另一方面可以大大降低全塔压降。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main function of fuel-type vacuum column is to provide material for catalytic cracking or hydrocracking. In order to enhance economy benefit, the pull-out rate of vacuum distillation equipment should be heightened by all means on condition that feed-in oil can avoid being decomposed. The key factor is less pressure drop of the whole column and higher vacuum at column top. The new process of direct-contact heat transfer was applied in this paper. At the same time, the whole column process simulation and design were studied based on the properties and ASTM D86 datum of Huabei atmospheric residue. The results showedthat the pull-out rate of the new process was greatly heightened because it adopted many new technologies including applying hollow column direct-contact heat transfer, high vacuum gas-oil (HVGO) condensation in successive two-stage column sect, light vacuum gas-oil (LVGO) making diesel oil, dry vacuum distillation and slop oil being recycled back to the vacuum furnace inlet. In search of the basis that direct-contact heat transfer is applied to fuel-type vacuum column, spraying experiment and heat transfer experiment of spray nozzle distributor were studied in the paper. To overcome the shortcoming that spray nozzle distributor leads to serious liquid entrainment problems, the author designed a new kind of distributor named dripping distributor, and did heat transfer experiment of the dripping distributor. The results showed that the application of hollow column direct-contact heat transfer to fuel-type vacuum column was effective. It not only economized packings but also greatly reduced the pressure drop of the whole column.更多还原