【作者】 骆建华；

【导师】 张世昌；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 机械工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 计算机技术的飞速发展使测量仪器发生了革命性的变化，产生了虚拟仪器，虚拟仪器技术的提出和发展代表了二十一世纪自动测试和电子测量仪器领域技术发展的一个重要发展方向。本文论述了虚拟仪器的出现、发展的历史、定义及特点，详细介绍了虚拟仪器系统的结构、组成、原理、功能及在多领域的应用，并对虚拟仪器的前景作了展望。在基于对虚拟仪器全面认识的基础上，对传统的YD200A型圆度仪进行了虚拟改造的可行性分析，给出了基于PCI总线插卡形式的虚拟仪器系统的软硬件构建方案。详细阐述了组成虚拟仪器硬件部分的各种模块的选择、组装及工作方式，阐述了组成虚拟仪器软件部分如：仪器操作面板，整个系统的数据采集，数据分析与处理，结果的可视化输出等设计。给出了评定圆度误差的基本原则，研究用计算机实现圆度误差评定的四种方法及相应的算法和程序；分析了形成系统误差的各种因素，指出了消除各种误差的方法。用本文设计的虚拟仪器对轴的圆度误差进行了实际测试，结果表明：与传统的仪器及其测量方法、数据处理方式相比，虚拟仪器不仅构建非常容易，而且实现了检测过程的自动化、数字化、智能化及可视化，大幅度提高了测试速度、数据处理速度及测试精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid development of computer science has brought about a new revolutionary change in the measuring instrument, and brought forth virtual instruments, which represents the direction of the development in the field of automatic testing and electronic testing instruments in the 21th century.The dissertation expounds the history of the appearance, and development, definition as well as the features of the virtual instruments. Furthermore, the paper gives a detailed introduction to their structure, components, principle, function and applications in a variety of the fields. At the same time it gives a general view of the future. Besides, the author, based on the general knowledge of virtual instruments, makes a feasibility analysis of the virtual renovation of the traditional YD200A roundness tester, therefore offers a structure plan for the software and hardware used in the virtual instrument system based on the PCI bus card inserting form. The dissertation expounds the selection assembling and works of various modules forming the hardware of the virtual instrument as well as the software, such as the designs of the instrument panel, data collection, analysis and processing of the whole system, visualization output of result. In addition, the dissertation provides the basic principles of evaluating roundness error through computers and corresponding calculating methods and produce the system error, studies four methods for evaluating roundness error through computers and corresponding calculating methods and procedures. and analyzes various factors that produce the system error. the author designs the testing and processing procedures of the radial eccentricity and axial skewness brought about by the insertation of the card to be tested and puts forward a software treatment plan through for separating chief axis rotation error from testing result through “reversion method”.The virtual instrument designed in the papers is used for practical test of the axis roundness errors, whose results show: in comparision with the traditional, measuring and data processing methods. the virtual instrument is not only in its easy structure, but also in the automation, digitization and visualization of testing process. At the same time it greatly increases testing and data processing speed. and the testing accuracy.更多还原