【作者】 黄占兵；

【导师】 金洪；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 结缕草（Zoysia japonica）是多年生低矮草本植物，在我国11个省份有分布，具有生态幅宽、抗性强等优良特性。本文从形态学水平和DNA水平对野生结缕草种质资源及一个引进种进行了遗传多样性分析，研究结果如下：结缕草分布在5m～399m的海拔间，土壤pH值范围为6.5～8.3，土壤中全N和速效P含量较低，生境可以分为丘陵山地型、平原草甸型、滨海滩涂型和农林间隙地型四种类型。结缕草的生殖枝长、叶舌长度和叶宽等12个形态学数量性状存在着丰富的变异，其变异幅度不同，种群间变异幅度最大和最小的分别为叶舌长度和叶长宽比；种群内变异幅度最大和最小的分别为节间长和小穗数。种群间的叶色和叶毛等质量性状也存在一定程度的变异。结缕草叶片的解剖学结构差异不大，但其大小存在明显差异。叶片厚度和叶下角质层厚度分别为种群间和种群内最不稳定和最稳定的解剖性状。AFLP指纹分析表明，10对引物组合共检测到524个条带，其中多态性条带385个，总多态位点比率为73.5%，表明结缕草具有丰富的遗传多样性，其中65.34%的遗传变异存在于种群间，34.66%的遗传变异存在于种群内。结缕草种群间遗传距离为0.0369～0.4036，根据遗传距离进行聚类分析，结果表明生境相似及地理距离较近的种群具有优先聚类的趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zoysia japonica is a perennial， short bunch grass，which has widely adaptability and strong resistance.It distributes in 11 provinces in China.Based on the morphological and genetic characteristics， genetic diversities of the wild zoysia japonica germ plasm and one imported variety were studied.The results were as follows:Zoysia japonica investigated grows at the altitude of 5m to 399m.The pH of soil is from 6.5 to 8.3.The contents of total nitrogen and quick effective phosphorus in soil are low.The ecological environment types of zoysia japonica can be classified into four types: hill grassland type， plain grassland type，flood bed grassland type and farm grassland type.There is obvious variation existed in 12 external morphological quantity traits of zoysia japonica，including reproductive tiller length， leaf ligule length，leaf width and so on. The characteristics show different varying range. The variation extent of leaf ligule length is the Maximum among different populations，while that of leaf width is the minimum. The variation extent of internode length is the Maximum in population，while that of spikelet number is the minimum.There is some variation of quality characteristics in zoysia japonica，such as leaf colour and leaf hair.Leaves of zoysia japonica have no obvious difference in their anatomical structure but significant variation in sizes of anatomical traits.Leave thickness is the most steady characteristic among populations and in population，while lower epidermis thickness is the most unstable characteristic.The analysis of AFLP markers demonstrated that 10 primer combinations generated 524 fragments，obtaining 385 polymorphic fragments.The total percentage of polymorphism was 73.5%，which indicated zoysia japonica has abundantgenetic diversity. 65.34% of genetic variation came from inter-population，while the other(34.66%) was within population.Based on genetic distance ranged from 0.0369 to 0.4036，the cluster analysis was made.The results showed populations living in similar ecological conditions and with close geographical distance clusterd first.更多还原