【作者】 徐冰；

【导师】 王耀强； 吕志远； 郭克贞；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，水资源的短缺和人类对水的污染日益加剧，以污水为水源的灌溉方法成为节约水资源的重要手段，已被人们广泛应用。但随着污水灌溉的发展，污水中的各种微量元素，特别是重金属离子对作物、土壤环境的影响也成为人们日益关注的对象。本研究在国内外研究的基础上，通过小麦、玉米的田间小区试验研究了污水中重金属对农田土壤及农作物生长发育的影响，发现：1）总体上，作物产量与灌水量成正比，且污水灌溉处理大于清水灌溉处理，说明适度的污水灌溉对作物生长发育有一定的促进作用。2）重金属Cd、Hg、As、Pb在小麦、玉米中的残留随部位不同而有差异，玉米体中的残留大于小麦。重金属残留量与灌水量呈现一定正相关性，但不同灌水量对其影响并不大。3）灌溉后，除Hg外土壤中重金属都有所增加，且多集中于表层土壤中。不同灌水方式对玉米、小麦生长发育产生了不同影响，玉米受到的影响较大。此外，本研究还在室内进行了重金属Cd离子淋洗的模拟实验，发现：线性吸附模式能够描述Cd在土壤中的吸附特征。运用对流－弥散方程对Cd离子的运移进行数值模拟，与实测结果吻合较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, both the shortage and the pollution of water resources are deteriorating gradually. Therefore, the irrigation with sewage has become an important way to save water, which is widely used now. However, with the development of sewage irrigation, people are becoming more and more concerned about the effect of the minimum element in the sewage, especially the heavy metal ion on the crops and soil environment. Based on the researches both at home and abroad, the paper studied on the influence of heavy metal such as Cd、Hg、As、Pb on the field and crop’s growth by means of field experiments on wheat and maize, the result shows that:First, the crop’s production is in proportion to watering; also, the one using sewage is higher than that using fresh water, as a conclusion, appropriate sewage irrigation can improve the crop’s growth.Secondly, the investigation on the heavy metal content inside crops shows that the number inner spring wheat are like the following, Pb> As> Cd>Hg, while the number is largest in root. As far as the maize is concerned, the corresponding order is that, Pb> As> Cd, Hg is too small to be taken into account. Besides that, there is much more heavy metal in the parts of flower、leaf and root than in the stem an seed.Third, the tests on the fields indicated that the heavy metal content decreased as the increasing in depth at soil, but varied not much. Heavy metal increased and Hg slightly decreased after irrigation. In addition, the content of Cd and Pb grows with the watering, while As is on the contrary. Moreover, the simulant experiments are performed indoors, which used heavy metal such as Cd, the discovery is listed below: The linear adsorb－model that can describe adsorbent characteristic of Cd in the soil; we used a mathematical simulate to describe the movement of Cd through the convection－dispersion model(), the calculation conform to the mensuration, so it is a good method to describe the rule of Cd’s movement in the soil. <WP=4>更多还原