【作者】 郝立根；

【导师】 黎钢；

【作者基本信息】 河北工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验着重考察了溶液中阴离子型聚电解质分子形态与盐的种类、浓度之间的关系。在30℃时，测定了0.5g/L的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（粘均分子量1700万，水解度16％）的溶液中，含有不同浓度十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、乙二胺盐酸盐、三乙醇胺盐酸盐、2，3—环氧丙烷三甲基氯化铵时，溶液表观粘度的变化。证明大分子具有剪切变稀的性质，铵盐阳离子中，季铵基团（R₁R₂R₃R₄N⁺）的数量越多，大分子溶液表观粘度值下降程度就越大。 实验中，重点研究了30℃条件下lg/L的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（粘均分子量1000万，水解度10％～90％）、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸钠与丙烯酰胺共聚物（粘均分子量600万）以及聚2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸钠（粘均分子量600万）溶液中，含有不同浓度的多价金属阳离子(Mg2⁺、Ca2⁺、Mn2⁺、Ba2⁺、Zn2⁺、Co²⁺、Cr³⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺)时，聚电解质大分子的均方回转半径、Zeta电位值的变化以及大分子发生絮凝、生成凝胶的现象。结果表明，溶液中，金属阳离子浓度增大时，阴离子型聚电解质分子的均方回转半径、Zeta电位值都呈现减小的趋势。 当部分水解聚丙烯酰胺水解度大于70％，所有金属阳离子均可以使大分子发生絮凝，水解度在20％～60％时，Cu²⁺可以和大分子形成凝胶，水解度在20％～60％时，Zn²⁺可以和大分子形成凝胶，Fe³⁺在所有水解度范围内，都可以使大分子形成絮凝。各种金属离子对2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸钠与丙烯酰胺共聚物以及聚2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸钠的作用现象不明显，不会形成絮凝、凝胶。 实验中，利用紫外—可见光吸收法、原子分光光度法，测得了在30℃时，Cu²⁺与lg/L水解度20％的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺形成凝胶的络合稳定常数（K=1.29×10³）；Zn²⁺与lg/L水解度40％的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺形成凝胶的络合稳定常数（K=0.589）。 对实验结果进行分析、比较，得出各种离子对部分水解聚丙烯酰胺分子形态的影响程度顺序为：Mg²⁺＜Ca²⁺＜Mn²⁺＜Ba²⁺＜Zn²⁺＜Co²⁺＜Cr³⁺＜Cu²⁺＜Fe³⁺更多还原

【Abstract】 The emphasis of experiment is the relation between anionic polyelectrolyte molecular conformation and salt with different sort and concentration in solution. Determine the change of apparent viscosity of 0.5g/L partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide(Mv=1.7×107,HD=16%) solution with varing concentration of ethylen , diamine dihydrochloride, triethanolamine hydrochloride, 2,3-epoxy prapane trimethyl ammonium chloride under 30℃. The outcoming testify that macromolecule has property of shear thinning. The more quaternary ammonium groups(R1R2R3R4N+),the decreaser of apparent viscosity.In experiment ,it is studied that in Ig/L partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide(Mv=1×107), 2-acrylamido-2-methyipropanesulfonate sodium/acrylamide copolymer(Mv=6×106), poly-2-acrylamido-2-methyipropanesulfonate sodium(Mv=6×106) solution with different concentration of multivalent metal ions ,the change of macromolecular mean-square radius of gyration and Zeta potential as well as flocculation and gel. The result testify that macromolecular mean-square radius of gyration and Zeta potential decrease when the metal ions concentration is increasing.When hydrolytic degree of partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide exceed 70%, flocculation can occure between all metal ions and partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide. When hydrolytic degree of partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide within the range of 20% to 60%, gel can form between Cu2+ and partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide. When hydrolytic degree of partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide within the range of 30% to 60%, gel can form between Zn2+ and partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide. Fe3+ can flocculate partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide in all hydrolytic degree. The effect of all metal ions on 2-acrylamido-2-methyipropanesulfonate sodium/acrylamide copolymer, poly-2-acrylamido-2- methyipropanesulfonate sodium didn’t conspicuous. Flocculation and gel can’t be formed.Make use of UV and AFS ,the coordination constant(K = 1.29×103) between Cu2+ and partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide(HD=20%) has been calculated under 30℃;the coordination constant(K=0.589)between Zn2+ and partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide(HD=30%) also has been calculated under 30℃.With analying and comparing experimental date, the effect degree of all metal ions on partial hydrolytic polyacrylamide has been ranked: Mg2+< Ca2+< Mn2+< Ba2+<Zn2+<Co2+<Cr3+<Cu2+< Fe3+.更多还原