静电纺丝法制备超吸水纤维的研究

【作者】 姚海霞；

【导师】 邓新华； 赵庆章；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 材料学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 静电纺丝是通过在聚合物溶液或熔体中施加电场来制造聚合物纤维的纺丝技术，其纤维直径在μm和nm之间。本课题采用溶液聚合法制备了可纺性的超吸水成纤共聚物溶液，研究静电纺丝法制备超吸水纤维，主要做了以下几个方面的工作。 首先，研究了超吸水成纤共聚物溶液的性质，例如密度、粘度、表面张力等与溶液浓度的关系。 其次，在合成超吸水成纤共聚物溶液的基础上，开展了静电纺丝工艺的研究。具体考察了不同的纺丝工艺条件例如溶液浓度、纺丝电压、收集距离、喷头孔径等对纤维的直径及其形态结构的影响。实验发现：随着聚合物溶液浓度的增加，纤维的直径增大；纤维的直径随着纺丝电压的增大而减小；收集距离的增大使得纤维的直径先减小后增大；纤维的直径随着喷头孔径的增大而增大。 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的照片给出了不同纺丝工艺条件下超吸水纤维形态结构的变化。可以发现，随着聚合物溶液浓度的增大，连珠状纤维的密度减小，纺丝电压升高，接收距离增大都相应地使连珠状纤维的密度减小，纤维间的彼此粘连现象减弱。 最后，对静电纺超吸水纤维的吸水性能进行了测试。随着纤维纤度的降低，静电纺超吸水纤维的吸水倍率有显著的提高，热交联处理温度的升高使得纤维的吸水倍率先增大后减小，以180℃热交联所得纤维的吸水倍率最高，热交联处理时间对纤维吸水倍率有相同的影响，以20min热交联所得纤维的吸水倍率最高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electrospinning is a process that produces continuous polymer fibers with diameters in the range of nanometer to micrometer through the action of an external electric field imposed on a polymer solution or melt. The superabsorbent polymer solution was made by solution polymerization, the study on electrospinning of superabsorbent fibers included three main aspects of work as follows:Firstly, the properties of the solution such as viscosity, surface tension were studied.Secondly, the electrospinning process of the superabsorbent polymer solution was studied. In this work, we evaluated systematically the effects of the processing parameters such as solution concentration, spinning voltage, the distance of collection and the diameter of the sprayer, on the diameter and the morphology of the fibers formed. We found that the diameter of the electrospun super absorbent fibers increased with the increase of solution concentration. Increasing electrospinning voltage decreased the diameter of the fibers. Increasing the distance of collection made the diameter of the fibers decrease and then increase. Increasing the diameter of the sprayer increased the diameter of the fibers.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photos showed the change of the morphology of the electrospun superabsorbent fibers according to the different processing parameters. Higher concentration favored formation of fibers without beads, higher spinning voltage, larger distance of collection also favored the formation of fibers without beads.Lastly, the water absorbing power of the electrospun fibers was measured. The results showed that the water absorbing power increased when the linear density of the fiber decreased; whereas increasing the temperature of the heat treatment, the water absorbing power increased and then decreased; the same result was observed when increasing the time of the heat treatment.更多还原