【作者】 张富仙；

【导师】 张国平； 梁建设；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业推广， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在分析国内外有关杂交水稻制种技术研究成果的基础上，结合作者多年的制种生产实践及多年试验结果，并根据浙西地区特定的生态气候条件，总结出一套高产优质制种技术。主要研究结果如下： 1、观察研究了目前浙西地区推广的杂交水稻主要制种组合亲本在不同季别的生育动态，其中亲本有恢复系密阳46、明恢63、浙大8220、R3027及不育系Ⅱ-32A、协青早A等，明确了它们的播始历期、主茎叶片数等与制种关系密切的技术参数，为不同组合和制种季别的合理选择以及播差期的确定与花期预测提供了可靠的技术资料。 2、以研究新恢复系浙大8220的特征特性为基础，摸索出其系列组合的高产制种技术，取得的结果也为其他新组合的配制提供了可借鉴的研究方法。 3、为探求影响发芽率的制约因素及其提高对策，对田间栽培管理、晒种及存放以及芽谷处理等方面开展了调查研究及有关专项试验，结果表明，除天气这一不可抗拒的自然因素影响外，晒种和存放是影响发芽率大小的关键因素。 4、根据生产实践和试验研究，提出浙西地区杂交水稻制种以早夏季制种为宜，即以选择梅雨季节刚过、三伏高温天气未到的7月10日至7月20日为父母本最佳扬花授粉期，同时采取定准父母本播差，强攻父本培育壮秧和搭好双亲丰产苗架等配套技术措施。以上制种措施不但能提高异交结实率，夺取制种高产，还能与一般早中熟型的早稻花期完全隔开，防止自然串花，确保种子纯度；有效控制母本稻粒黑粉病，提高种子质量；收获后能安排种植晚稻，从而提高土地和温光资源利用率，缓解种子与粮食的矛盾。更多还原

【Abstract】 The comprehensive technique for producing hybrid rice seeds with high quality and yield, suitable for the ecological conditions in west Zhejiang, was proposed in the present paper, based on reviewing of current achievements in hybrid rice seed production made both in China and world, and by using the relevant results from the experiment done during 2000-2003. The main results are as follows:1 The sysmatical observation of growth and development was made on the major hybrid rice combinations currently used in West Zhejiang, includingrestoring lines Miyang 46, Minghui 63, Zheda 8220, R3027 and sterile lines II-32A, Xieqingzao A, and some important parameters, including duraing from sowing to heading date, leaf number of main shoot were determined, which provided the valuable references for correct choice of hybrid combinations and productive season, and proper determination of sowing date of both parents and predicting of flowering date.2 The newly released resotring line, Zheda 8220 was characterized in terms of growth and development, and basis on the investigation; the techniques for production of high yield hybrid seeds were developed for other hybrid combinations. The results also provided the methodology for studying hybrid seed production of other new combinations.3 Special surveys and experiments were done on the influence of field management, seed sunning, store and germinated seed treatments on the germination performance, in order to determine the constraints limiting germination and searching for the strategies to improve the germination. It was found that seed sunning store condition were the major factors affecting the germination, beside the whether which is beyond our control.4 According to. the practical experince and experimental results, it may be concluded that suitable season for production of hybrid rice seed in West Zhejiang is early summer, exactly during 10 to 20, July, when summer rain season is just over and the maximum temperature is not coming, thus it is the optimal stage for heading and flowering of both parents. The systemic measurements should be conducted in field management, focusing on th correct choice of date difference in sowing sterile and restoring lines, development of strong seedlings, in particular for male line, growth stimulation of both parents, which has been proven to be effective in improvement of hybrid seed yield. Meanwhile it could also avoid natural pollination from other early season rices due to the different date in heading and flowering, resulting in high seed purity. It could be effective in controlling grain black powdery disease and thus improving seed quality. After harvesting hybrid seeds, it is possible to plant a late season rice, increasing utilization of land, light and temperature, and alleviating the conflict between hybrid seed and food production.更多还原