【作者】 朱森；

【导师】 程发；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对合成的Gemini阴离子表面活性剂进行各种基本物化性能和应用性能的研究，希望可以从中筛选出性能较好的用于油田驱油提高原油的采收率。此项研究可以为我国的国民经济发展提供有力的能源支持。Gemini表面活性剂的两个亲水离子头基由于是化学键连接，加强了碳氢链间的疏水结合力，且离子头基间的排斥倾向受制于化学键力而大大削弱，因此其具有比传统的单基表面活性剂高的多的表面活性。到目前为止，对Gemini表面活性剂已经进行了大量的研究工作，但是研究多以合成和性能评价为主，对应用方面几乎没有涉及，本文在对合成的Gemini表面活性剂的性能评价的基础上，提出了将其用于驱油的可行性。具体内容包括以下几个方面：研究了Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度、表面张力和C20，发现其临界胶束浓度比常用的单基阴离子表面活性剂降低了一个数量级左右，显示了较高的表面活性；Gemini表面活性剂在临界胶束浓度时的表面张力和单基的相比几乎没有降低，但是由C20值可知其具有比单基表面活性剂突出的降低表面张力的效率。研究了Gemini表面活性剂的胶束聚集数和胶束微观结构，发现连接基团对胶束的聚集数有一定的影响，柔性的连接基团有利于形成聚集数大的胶束；随着浓度的增加，胶束聚集数也呈增大的趋势；Gemini表面活性剂在较低的浓度下就出现液晶，而十二烷基苯磺酸钠在大约15％才会出现液晶，Gemini表面活性剂比单基表面活性剂更容易形成液晶。研究了Gemini表面活性剂的一系列应用性能：通过热稳定性的考察，发现其初始分解温度均远高于地下油藏的温度70～95℃；通过界面张力的考察，发现Gemini H单剂在加入量为0.1％时，就可以使油水界面张力降到超低的10-3mN/m的数量级；而且Gemini H加入到聚丙烯酰胺溶液中不会使其粘度下降，在一定的加入浓度范围内，还会使溶液粘度略有提高，Gemini H完全可以作为驱油助剂的活性剂组分用来提高原油的采收率。研究了Gemini H形成中相微乳液的最佳组成为：C Gemini H（％）＝0.1～0.5；C 正己醇（％）＝2.0～4.0；C 氯化钠（％）＝1.5～2.5更多还原

【Abstract】 Some properties of anionic Gemini surfactants were studied in this paper to obtain a good one to efficiently enhance oil recovery. This project would have great prosperity in view of the supply of energy.Since its headgroups were connected by chemical bonds and the repulsion between the two ionic headgroups was weakened, it has greater surface activity than conventional monomeric ones. Recently a great deal of work has been done on Gemini surfactants. But further research has to be done. Due to some good properties of the anionic Gemini surfactants synthesized, we studied its feasibility to enhance oil recovery.The overall results as following:1 CMC、γcmc and C20 of Gemini surfactants were studied and it was found that the Gemini surfactants were about one order of magnitude more efficient at forming micelles(CMC) than conventional surfactants. For γcmc only, Gemini surfactants didn’t show great advantages over conventional monomeric ones. But it is more efficient in declining surface tension of the water.2 Aggregation numbers(N) and microstructure of Gemini surfactants were investigated as functions of spacer length and concentration. Upon increasing the spacer length, the spacer became more flexible and aggregation number is increasing. Gemini surfactants have greater tendency in forming liquid crystal. than conventional surfactant--SDBS as shown in TEM photoes.3 Some application properties of Gemini surfactants were studied. By DTA analysis, it was found that the original decomposition temperatures of Gemini A-D were all far beyond the temperature of oil field underground. The interficial tension between oil and water could be declined to 10-3mN/m at the concentration of Gemini H 0.1%, and it shows great capacity in declining interfacial tension between oil and water. When added to PAM solution, Gemini H would not make the viscosity of the solution decline. However, in certain concentration <WP=5>range it could increase the viscosity of the solution. We can come to the conclusion that Gemini H could be used as one component of oil-flooding agent to increase oil recovery.4 Formation of mid-phase microemulsion of Gemini H was studied and its optimal composition was as follows: C Gemini H（％）＝0.1～0.5；C 正己醇（％）＝2.0～4.0；C 氯化钠（％）＝1.5～2.5更多还原