【作者】 李克锋；

【导师】 王为；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文在前人研究铝－水电池的基础上，采用新颖、独特的设计思路，制造出的一种新型铝-水电化学制氢体系，该体系主要由铝合金电极、析氢电极、中性电解液、反应容器、储液槽、电解液循环系统、氢气流量控制系统等构成。该体系的最大特点，在于它在向负载输出电能的同时，还可输出高纯氢气，实现电能与氢能的共生；在反应过程中仅消耗铝合金电极和水，体系产生的唯一副产品为Al(OH)3，回收风干后为氧化铝。因而，该体系是一种全新概念的高效、清洁、安全、廉价的环保型能量储存及释放体系。在本设计中，采用了从反应器底部进电解液、上部溢流的方法,及时的排出了反应过程中产生的沉淀，成功的解决了Al(OH)3沉淀在反应器内絮凝、沉淀的问题。在回收Al(OH)3方面，本系统采用了独特的设计，使Al(OH)3沉淀能顺利的富积并能随时从整个体系中排出，从而使电池大功率、长时间工作成为可能。根据设计制造出铝-水电化学制氢体系试运行180min，体系运行状态一直良好，开路电压可以达到19.8V，最大短路电流可达到7.8A，并且可在出氢速率大于1.0L/min的同时，以0.45V的电压和7.5A的恒电流向外界供电。同时，本论文还就热处理对铝合金电极电化学性能的影响进行了研究。在实验中，采用了退火、回火等热处理工艺对铝合金电极进行了改性。结果表明：铝合金在高温加热时，处于晶界的第二相会由于固溶作用而进入铝晶格中形成固溶体，降低了晶界处第二相的含量；与未经处理的铝合金相比，经过退火、回火的铝合金电极，其电化学活性增大的同时化学反应腐蚀速率大大降低，改善了铝合金电极的电化学性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, a new type of aluminium-water hydrogen generator system is fabricated. This system is mainly composed of aluminum alloy anodes, hydrogen-evolution electrodes, neutral electrolyte, reactor, electrolyte storage tank, deposition collector, electrolyte recycling system and the hydrogen flux controlling system. The system is characterized by its capability of producing high purest hydrogen at the same time of electricity output. The reacting process only coat aluminum alloy anodes and water, and the byproduct is Al(OH)3 which becomes alumina after recycle and dehydration. Therefore, this system is totally new conceptional environmental energy storage and discharge system with high efficiency, clearness safety and low cost.In this design, we use the way of the electrolyte flow in through the bottom of reactor and overfall at the top of reactor to discharge the deposition at the process of reaction. Thus, we successfully solve the problem of the flocculation and deposition of Al(OH)3 in the reactor. As to the recycle of Al(OH)3 , electrolyte storage tank with funnelform bottom is adopted to enrich Al(OH)3 deposition in the deposition collector which is under the storage tank. and discharge the Al(OH)3 deposition timely and conveniently. In this case, it is possible for the aluminium-water hydrogen storages battery to work at high-power with long life. At the same time, the effect of heat treatment on the electrochemical properties of aluminium alloy electrodes is studied. In the experiment, the quenching and anneal are used to modify the aluminium alloy anodes. The result show that under the solution treatment, the crystal boundary of aluminium alloy enter the aluminium crystal lattice and decrease the content of the second phase between crystal boundary when the aluminium alloy is heated at high temperature. After those treatments the electrochemical activation is improved and the chemical corrosion is decreased.更多还原