磁编码器的智能化设计

【作者】 郑鑫；

【导师】 黄钊洪；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 光学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 传感器技术是现代信息技术的关键组成之一。传感器是采集对象与信息系统的接口，是系统感知、获取与检测信息的窗口。磁传感器是传感器大家族中的一个重要分支。通过磁场的无接触特性，对非电量的测量是磁传感器应用的一个重要方面，本文所研究的智能化磁编码器是对于转动物体的位置、角速度进行高精度测量的一类传感器，它可以把转动物体的位置和角速度信息转换成电脉冲信号，供二次仪表使用。 本文首先介绍了InSb磁敏效应的基本原理，对编码器磁鼓的外围磁场进行了计算分析，分析了磁鼓与磁头间隙对磁头输出信号的影响，分析了磁鼓转速对磁头输出信号幅度的影响，并根据这些计算和试验分析，设计了磁编码器的结构。对磁编码器的信号处理电路进行了设计，设计了磁头的放大比较电路、单片机信号采集电路和D／A转换电路，设计了单片机信号采集和D／A部分的程序，使编码器能在输出数字信号的同时输出与数字信号一一对应的模拟信号。对编码器的各项性能进行了测试，结果表明：(1)智能化磁编码器达到了设计的要求，能同时输出准确的数字信号和模拟信号。(2)该智能化磁编码器能够在—10℃～70℃正常工作，信号输出稳定准确，解决了半导体锑化铟磁敏电阻温度特性差的问题。(3)该智能化磁编码器能够长时间稳定工作，有实际应用价值。(4)通过和现有的角度传感器比较，该智能化磁编码器具有温度稳定性好，输出模拟信号的线性度好，灵敏度灵活可调，可以作为一种新型的角度传感器在工业控制中使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The technology of sensors is one of crucial components of the modern information technology. Sensors are the interface of the studied object and the information system, and also the window of the system to acquire and detect information. Magnetic sensors are an important branch that can be used to detect the non-electronically characteristics through the magnetic field. The InSb Intellectualized magnetic Coder sensor in this paper is designed for the measurement of the position of object and the angular velocity of object. Through the sensor, the information of the position and the angular velocity are changed to electric pulse which can provides to other second instruments.Firstly, the paper introduces the theory of the InSb magnetosensitive characteristics. And the distributing of the magnetic field of magnetic drum of magnetic encoder is calculated, and the gap between magnetic drum and head affecting magnetic encoder’s function is analyzed, the velocity of magnetic drum affecting magnetic encoder’s function is analyzed. The design is based all these analyzes. In paper we designed the processing circuits of magnetic encoder, designed the magnified circuit, the signal collection circuit and the D/A conversion circuit are designed. Then magnetic encoder can output two different type signals: digital signals and analog signals, the two type signals are corresponding.Some property and working parameters about the encoder are tested. The result indicated that: (1) The objective of design is achieved, the encoder can output two type signals simultaneously. (2) The encoder can work properly from -10 C to 70 C, the output signals are stable. (3) The encoder can work stably in a long time, so this encoder can be put into practice. (4) Compared with other angle sensors, the encoder has some advantages, good temperature stability, the linearity of the output analog signals is good, and the sensitive is easy to adjust. In sum, the encoder can be put into use as a new type angle sensor.更多还原