【作者】 王国霞；

【导师】 刘震；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 悬铃木是世界著名的行道树种和重要的园林绿化树种，具有“行道树之王”的美称。但由于冬芽萌发、球果脱落产生大量的绒毛、花粉和果毛，导致人们呼吸道系统障碍、皮肤瘙痒、迷眼、过敏等危害，给人们的生活带来极大的不便，造成了环境污染。因而，解决悬铃木果毛污染问题，具有重要的实际意义。为此，本文通过形态标记和同工酶标记相结合的方法从自然界中选育自然变异产生的无球或少球品种，在形态上对悬铃木进行划分初步选育出了一些少球无球单株；通过加龄苗技术对其进行子代鉴定；对过氧化物酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、乙醇脱氢酶、酯酶等四种同工酶进行分析鉴定和聚类分析；结合形态标记和酶蛋白标记对选育出的无球少球单株进行了鉴定，得出结论如下：①悬铃木栽培范围广，适应性强，杂交种二球悬铃木的子代分离现象严重，自然变异性强，为自然选择育种提供了丰富的种质资源。②通过对丰富的种质资源形态变异指标量化进行系统聚类分析是自然选种的有效途径。以郑州为中心，辐射东、西、南、北各大城市和乡村，通过自然选种途径，选出了12株无球少球单株。③在自然选种的基础上，通过4种同工酶分析，对初选的无球少球悬铃木类型进行了酶蛋白标记，初步选出了4号单株为无球悬铃木类型，9号为少球类型，具有很大的推广应用潜力。同时对选出的无球少球类型进行了4年的跟踪调查，并在一定程度上验证了悬铃木新品种选育的可靠性和遗传稳定性。④悬铃木形态变异与遗传变异虽然有一定的差别，但也存在较好的一致性。⑤同工酶分析易受树木生育环境和发育阶段以及实验条件的影响，但采用休眠芽作为酶蛋白分析材料，<WP=8>并注意实验环境条件的一致性，很好地对悬铃木新品种进行了鉴定。⑥悬铃木冬芽具有浅冬休眠的特性，解除其休眠的低温范围较大，15℃与20℃也有低温效果。悬铃木冬芽在不同休眠阶段和温度条件下，芽鳞阻碍力与冬芽内部的萌发力的消长决定着发芽与否。芽鳞内含有促进或抑制冬芽萌发的物质，该物质并受到温度的影响而改变着阻碍力与萌发力的消长。悬铃木冬芽休眠的特殊性决定了悬铃木栽培范围广泛的生理生态适应性，也说明了选育出的无球少球新品种可能也具有广泛的生态适应性。⑦悬铃木冬芽的萌发与枝条的生根是一对矛盾的对立统一体，在冬芽难于萌发的深休眠期枝条容易生根，同时又由于15℃与20℃不仅具有解除休眠促进冬芽萌发的作用，又是枝条生根的适宜温度，所以，选择11月下旬到12月上旬枝条在15~20℃条件下进行发芽生根的诱导与培养是培育加龄无球少球悬铃木新品种的有效途径。为无球少球悬铃木新品种的进一步鉴定奠定了基础。本实验中成功培育的几十株加龄苗的当年花芽分化次年开花结实的现象印证了培育加龄苗进行无球少球悬铃木新品种子代测定的可靠性和方便性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Studies on selecting and cultivating of new none-or-little cone varieties of Platanus acerifolia were as follow:①Platanus acerifolia is planting in great many area, it have a strong adaptability and.better natural variability. ②It is an effective method for natural breeding by morphological variation indexs clustering analysis, 12 new none-or-little varieties are elected in virtue of natural breeding in many cities and countries far and near radiating from the center of the zhengzhou city ③ 4th tree being none cone variety and 9th tree being little cones variety are confirmed basing on natural breeding and Analysis on peroxidase isozyme in primary election , they have great generalize potential in the future. ④There are some differences and that coherence in between morphological variation and hereditary variation of Platanus acerifolia. ⑤Analysis on peroxidase isozyme is influenced easyly by the trees’growth surroundings and experimental conditions, but using dormancy buds and identical experimental conditions could identify new variety of Platanus acerifolia. ⑥Shallow dormancy is a physiological characteristic of the Platanus acerifolia dormancy buds . The range of low temperature to relieve dormancy is large, 15℃ and 20℃ have also low temperature effect. In different dormancy phases and temperature condition, buds’ germination is controled by the swing of the pendulum between bulbil resistance and inner germinate ability . The particularity of the Platanus acerifolia dormancy buds determined its eco-physiological adaptability in <WP=61>great growth range.⑦ Platanus acerifolia dormancy buds’ germination and tress rhizogenesis is a brace inconsistent contradictory and unification , tress rhizogenesis is easy but buds’ germinating is difficult in deep dormancy phase, because 15℃ and 20℃ have relieve dormancy and the feasible temperature of tress rhizogenesis, so it’s a effective method to cultivate the adding-age seedling of none-or-little cones varieties of Platanus acerifolia by having an inducement of tress rhizogenesis and buds’ germination elect the last ten-day of November to the first ten-day of December.更多还原