【作者】 李琳；

【导师】 马新明；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 于2001—2003年在河南农业大学校内试验站和科教园区，采用盆栽的方法，较为系统地研究了水分处理对不同专用型小麦品质和产量调节效应，研究结果表明： 第一：水分处理对不同专用型小麦氮同化关键酶活性有明显影响。旗叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性于花后呈下降趋势，且在60％FC(field capacity)下最强，其次为40％FC，活性最低的是80％FC。旗叶和籽粒中谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性均呈先下降后上升趋势，各水分处理间酶活性大小为：80％FC＞60％FC＞40％FC。各水分处理间旗叶和籽粒谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性的大小关系同GS。不同水分处理下籽粒蛋白质含量与叶片NR、GS和籽粒GOGAT活性均呈正相关，与旗叶GOGAT活性呈负相关。对于豫麦34，40％FC和80％FC下籽粒蛋白质含量只与旗叶GS活性相关性达显著水平，60％FC下蛋白质含量则与旗叶NR和籽粒GS活性均达显著相关，与旗叶GS活性达极显著相关；对于豫麦49，40％FC下蛋白质含量与旗叶NR呈显著相关，60％FC和80％FC下与旗叶GOGAT呈显著负相关；对于豫麦50，各水分处理下蛋白质含量均与旗叶NR呈显著相关，且在40％FC下蛋白质含量也与籽粒GS呈显著相关，在60％FC下与旗叶GOGAT呈极显著负相关。 第二：开花后随着时间的推移，小麦叶鞘、茎中氮含量逐渐降低，而根中氮含量先下降后上升。80％FC提高叶鞘氮含量；豫麦34茎氮含量变化不大，豫麦49在60％FC下茎氮含量最高，豫麦50茎氮含量在40％FC下最高。各营养器官氮转运量品种间为豫麦50＞豫麦49＞豫麦34，各水分处理间差异均为80％FC＞60％FC＞40％FC。各品种叶鞘氮转运效率随含水量的增加而增加；豫麦34茎氮转运效率随含水量的增加而降低，豫麦49和豫麦50以60％FC最高。各营养器官及总转运氮对籽粒的贡献率为80％FC＞60％FC＞40％FC。各品种器官转运河南农业大学硕士学位论文【中文摘要】量和贡献率均为:叶鞘>茎，器官转运效率为:茎>叶鞘。 第三:土壤水分对专用小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响不同。强筋小麦豫麦34旗叶叶绿素计读数(SPAD值)、PSll活性(Fv/Fo)和PSH最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)在土壤相对含水量60%FC的条件下最高，光化学碎灭系数(qP)、非光化学碎灭系数(qN)、有效电子传递速率(ETR)和传递的量子产率(中psn)在80%FC下最高;高产小麦豫麦49旗叶SPAD值、qP、qN、ETR均以80%FC下最高，Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和。ps 11受土壤水分影响不大;弱筋小麦豫麦50，除qN在80%FC下最低外，其余光合特性参数均以80%FC的条件下最高。 第四:在各处理下不同专用型小麦籽粒灌浆过程呈“S”型变化趋势，并用三次多项式对其进行模拟，这些方程中的参数在各品种中受水分处理影响不同。40%FC提高(早)了豫麦34各项籽粒灌浆参数，提高了豫麦49灌浆速率和粒重，提早了最大灌浆速率出现时间，提高了豫麦50灌浆持续期和粒重;60%FC增加了豫麦49灌浆持续期，提早了豫麦50最大灌浆速率出现时间;80%FC增加了豫麦49有效灌浆持续期，提高了豫麦50的灌浆速率。同时，豫麦34和豫麦50粒重与各灌浆参数均呈正相关，但差异均不显著;豫麦49粒重与灌浆持续期呈显著负相关，与平均灌浆速率呈显著正相关。 第五:不同专用型小麦品质受土壤水分的影响较大。强筋型小麦豫麦34是面包专用型小麦，在60%FC下，籽粒蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量、清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白含量较高，同时小麦籽粒容重、湿面筋含量和沉降值也最高。营养品质和加工品质得到改善，同时产量也最高。中筋型小麦豫麦49蛋白质含量以40%FC处理最高，赖氨酸含量、籽粒容重和湿面筋含量以80%FC处理最高，且在80%FC处理下籽粒产量达最大值。弱筋型小麦豫麦50属于饼干专用型小麦， 因此，在S0%FC下蛋白质含量最低，产量最高，适应饼干专用的要求。根据本实验对于北方半干旱地区应以种植强筋型小麦豫麦34为主，河南农业大学硕士学位论文【中文摘要】这样能使小麦产量和品质兼顾。对于半湿润地区在应以种植高产型小麦豫麦49和弱筋型小麦豫麦50为主，同时加以适量适时的灌溉，也能达到产质兼顾的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to understand the effect of water treatment on the kernal protein quality and yield of winter wheat with specialized end-uses pot experiments were carried out at Henan Agricultural University and Demonstration Plot of Scientific Research and Teaching during 2001-2003. The results were showed as follows:Firstly, nitrate reductase(NR) activities in flag leaf declined after anthesis, and that of 60%FC >40% FC >80%FC . Glutamine synthetase (GS) activities in both flag leaf and grain all declined from the beginning of anthesis to 15 days after anthesis, and then climbed. The order among three water treatments was 80%FC > 60%FC > 40%FC.The order of Glutamate synthase(GOGAT ) is the same as GS. Grain protein content was positive correlation to NR and GS activity in flag leaves and GOGAT activity in grains, and was negative correlation to GOGAT activity in flag leave for all water treatment. For Yumai34, under the treatment of 40%FC and 80%FC, there was a significance correlation between grain protein content and GS activity in flag leave, Under the treatment of 60%FC, the correlation ship between grain protein content and NR activity in flag leave and GS activity in grain were significant, and was closely significant to GS activity in flag leave. For Yumai49, under the treatment of 40%FC, there was a significance correlation between grain protein content and NR activity in flag leave, under the treatment of 60%FC and 80%FC, the correlationship between grain protein content and GOGAT activity in flag leave. For Yumai50, there was a significance correlation between grain protein content and NR activity in flag leave, and under the treatment of 40%FC, the correlationship between grain protein content and GS activity in grain, and there was a significance correlation51between grain protein content and GOGAT activity in flag leave under the treatment of 60%FC.Secondly, with the time went on , Nitrogen content of wheat leaf sheath and stem decreased gradually after anthesis, while Nitrogen content in root decreased first, then increased.80%FC improved the nitrogen content of leaf sheath. Nitrogen content in stem of yumai34 changed not too much, and for Yumai49,60%field capacity improved the nitrogen content of stem, and for YumaiSO, the nitrogen content of stem was highest with 40%field capacity. Nitrogen translocation of vegetative parts were different in three wheat cultivars, and the order was Yumai50> Yumai49Yumai34, Nitrogen translocation in vegetative parts of different cultivars were different in different water treatment and the order was 80%FC(field capacity)>60%FO40%FC. In the whole, Nitrogen translocation of different cultivars was 80%FC>60%FC>40%FC,and Nitrogen translocation in stem of different cultivars with water treatment was different in three cultivars, for Yumai34,the Nitrogen translocation was 40%FO60%FO80%FC, and for Yumai49,was 60%FC>40%FO80%FC, and Yumai50 was 60%FO80%FC>40%FC. Grain protein content came from redistribution of N accumulated in vegetative organs, and the order of the contribution of water treatment ,which is important to nitrogen content in different vegetative organs and grain, was 80%FC>60%FC>40%FC.The order of both the transfer and contribution of different vegetative organs was leaf sheath>stem the translocation of different vegetative organs was stem>leaf sheath.Thirdly, as to Yumai 34, the value of chlorophyll meter(SPAD), PSII activity (Fv/Fo) and maximal PSII light energy transformation efficiency (Fv/Fm) were the highest when soil moisture was at 60% field capacity(60%FC), however the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN),the apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate(ETR) ,and the ratio of photochemical quantum yield of PSII (O2) were all increased at 80%FC; To the high yield cultivar Yumai 49,the values of SPAD ,qP ,qN and ETR were higher at 80%FC than the other water trentment, while FC took little effect on52Fv/Fo ,Fv/Fm and O2; To Yumai 50,the values of photosynthetic characteristics were the h更多还原