【作者】 杨超；

【导师】 刘国顺；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 为研究不同类型肥料施入土壤后营养的释放规律和对烟草生长发育、品质和致香物质含量的影响，以芝麻饼肥和烤烟 NC89 为试验材料，砂滤管法研究饼肥养分释放规律；大田和盆栽相结合，采用多因素试验设计研究了三种肥料和不同追肥时期对烟草生长发育和烟叶品质的影响，肥料种类为化肥、腐熟饼肥和不腐熟饼肥，施肥方式为全部基肥、20 天追肥、40 天追肥和 60 天追肥，试验结果简要介绍如下： 饼肥中有机 C、N 的矿化主要在很短的时间内完成，有机 C 主要在20 天内，有机 N 在埋入土壤 ３５ 天之内分解速度最快，饼肥中 Ｎ 的释放规律符合烤烟　“少时富，老来贫”　的需氮要求。饼肥中含有较多的有机营养物质，如高级脂肪酸、有机酸、氨基酸等，其含量随发酵时间而变化，芝麻饼肥发酵 ３０ 天左右较好。　 施用饼肥前期长势略小于化肥处理，后期则促进烟株茎粗增加，节距减小，长势更加健壮。最大叶面积除 ６０ 天追施不腐熟饼肥（处理Ｔ１２）和腐熟饼肥（处理 Ｔ８）的两个处理较小外，其他处理差异不大。表明适当推迟追肥时间对烟株的生长发育影响不大，施用饼肥对植株的健壮生长有利，利于形成良好的株型。　 不同肥料和追肥时期对烟草生理特性的影响不同。腐熟饼肥与化肥施用对根系活力影响相当，后期根系活力略高于化肥，施用不腐熟饼肥根系活力前期小而后期高；烟草生长后期，基肥、20 天追肥和 40 天追肥根系活力相近，60 天追肥根系活力显著提高。施用饼肥、后期追肥均提高了烟叶色素物质含量。硝酸还原酶（NR）活性各个处理均随烟草生育期向后而降低。后期烟叶转化酶活性追肥时期之间差异不显著，不同类型肥料之间的差异达到显著水平，以腐熟饼肥的处理最大，化肥次之， 1<WP=7>不腐熟饼肥的处理最小，说明施用腐熟饼肥后烟叶碳的固定和转化旺盛，可能对烟叶含碳化合物的形成有利，提高烤后烟叶的品质。丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量不同肥料之间无显著差异，不同追肥时期之间，以基肥处理含量最高，其他时期追肥 ＭＤＡ 含量无显著差异，说明后期追肥提高了烟叶的耐熟性。 肥料种类和追肥时期对烤烟常规品质、非挥发性有机酸含量和致香物质含量有显著影响。施用饼肥后烟叶的品质协调，有机酸含量和致香物质含量提高，对整体品质的提高有促进作用。化肥和不腐熟饼肥前期施用效果较好，腐熟饼肥在 ２０ 天追肥、４０ 天追肥和 ６０ 天追肥效果好于基肥处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 To study the rule of different delayed-application fertilizers nutrition releasing and theireffects on tobacco plant growth, quality and aroma components of flue-cured tobacco, wechoose sesame cake and NC89 as experiment materials. The rule of sesame cake nutritionreleasing was studied by pipe experiment. Three kinds fertilizers were chemical fertilizer,fully-fermented and unfully-fermented sesame cake fertilizer. Four additional manuringstages were basal dressing for all,20 days,40 days,60 days additional manuring. Their effectson plant growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied in field and pot experimentwith randomized blocks design. The results as below: The organic carbon and nitrogen of the cake fertilizer were decomposed easily. Organiccarbon and nitrogen were decomposed most in 20 days and 35 days respectively. Theirreleasing meets the need for tobacco growth with the sufficient nitrogen. There are manyorganic substances in sesame cake, such as higher fatty acids, organic acids, amino acids etc.Their contents changed with fermented times and 30 days is the better time. Applying sesame cake, the vigor of plant is smaller than that of chemical fertilizer in former stage. But in last, it leads to stalk circumference increasing, the internode length decreasing. The maximum leaf area has little difference except treatment T12 and T8. It shows that additional manuring properly has no bad effects on the growth of tobacco plant. Applying sesame cake lead to a sound plant type. Different fertilizers and additional manuring stage affect tobacco physiologycharacteristics differently. Appling fully-fermented sesame cake affect the vigor of root tosome tune and it is small higher than chemical fertilizer at last. Appling unfully-fermentedsesame cake,the vigor was low in former and high at last. At last stage of plant growth, basaldressing for all, 20 days, 40 days additional manuring has same effect on the vigor of root. Applying cake fertilizer treat and additional manuring on late stages treats all canincrease the pigment substances applicantion in leaves. NRase activities of all treats is lowerfollowing tobacco’s growing up. In late growing stage, all treats’difference of INV activitiesis unsignificant. The different kinds fertilizer treats is significant different. In thesetreats,fully-formented cake fertilizer treat is highest, unfully-formented cake fertilizer treat islowest, and chemical fertilizer treat is the middle one. They indicated that applied fully- 62<WP=68>formented cake fertilizer, carbon of leaf’s fixation and transition is avtivity. Possibly it isadvantaged to form carbonous compound, increasing flue-cured leaf quality.MDA content in different fertilizer treat is not significant different. It indicated manuring inlate stage increases mature resistance of leaf. Fertilizer variations and additional manuring stages significantly affect flue-curedtobacco’s customary qualities. Content of un-volatile organic acid and aromacomponents .applicated cake-fertilizer, flue-cured tobacco’s quality is well-balanced.Organic acid content increased, and accelerated combined quality advance. In earlystage,applicating chemical fertilizer and unfully-formented cake fertilizer’s effect is good,on 20 days, 40 days, 60 days additional manure fully-fermented cake fertilizer,their effect isbetter than basal dressing for all.更多还原