【作者】 秦卫华；

【导师】 周守标；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 植物生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 石蒜属（Lycoris Herb.）植物为一类既具有药用价值又具有高度观赏价值的球根花卉植物，为东亚特有属，主要分布于中国、日本和韩国。前人在形态、细胞学、分子、生理和药用等方面已经对石蒜属植物进行了大量研究，但石蒜属植物的系统研究仍存在很大的争议。本研究以中国石蒜属13种植物以及石蒜（Lycoris radiata）在安徽省内的不同居群为研究材料，通过核型分析、光镜、扫描电镜和野外调查分析等方法，对石蒜属植物的细胞学、孢粉形态和种群生物学三个方面进行了详细研究，进一步揭示了石蒜属内种间以及石蒜种内不同居群之间的差异，为探讨石蒜属植物的系统关系和进一步开发利用其资源提供科学的基础资料。研究结果如下：1.石蒜属植物的染色体核型变异很大，通过细致的核型分析，发现了许多新的核型和染色体数目；其中石蒜（Lycoris radiata）在不同居群中的核型存在巨大的变异。石蒜属植物新核型的不断发现，已经不能用传统的断裂理论或融合理论来解释，石蒜属核型的演化机制是由环境因素引起的突变还是其他原因造成，有待于进一步的深入研究。2.首次全面系统地报道了中国产13种石蒜属植物的花粉形态资料。通过对石蒜属花粉外壁纹饰特征的比较分析，认为本属植物花粉特征较为稳定，形态基本一致，均为长球形花粉粒，花粉外壁均为网状纹饰；但在花粉大小、粗网或细网纹饰，网脊平滑或弯曲，有无小乳突或小瘤以及乳突着生部位等方面在种间有明显的变化，可以作为区分种的依据。3.对安徽省内野生石蒜属植物的生境进行了调查，发现石蒜属植物的种群分布格局多为集群分布。在适宜的生境下如荫湿山坡上的草本层中往往形成优势群落，并对环境的适应能力很强。4.综合石蒜属植物的外部形态特征、细胞学、孢粉学和分子方面（同工酶和<WP=8>RAPD）的资料，认为玫瑰石蒜、换锦花、石蒜三者亲缘关系较近，而忽地笑、中国石蒜、安徽石蒜、乳白石蒜、长筒石蒜、鹿葱、断蕊石蒜、江苏石蒜、香石蒜和稻草石蒜等亲缘关系较近，其中中国石蒜、安徽石蒜和忽地笑三种黄花型石蒜在核型、花粉和外部形态等诸多方面极为类似，作者认为可以作为种下水平来考虑。作者不支持Traub和Moldenke(1949)提出的根据花型和雄蕊长度将石蒜属划分为两大亚属(Symmanthus Traub & Moldenke和Lycoris)的观点。本文从石蒜属植物花粉形态角度分析，支持Cronquist的观点，认为石蒜属和百合科的亲缘关系很近，应该放入百合科内。更多还原

【Abstract】 The plants in Lycoris Herb. are a kind of well-known bulb flowers in the world,which not only has important medical value, but also great ornamental value as well. The genus Lycoris is endemic to Eastern Asia, mostly distributing in China,Japan and Korea. So far lots of works have been done on the morphology, cytology, molecule, physiology and medicine of the Lycoris by former researchers, but there are prodigious disputes remained on the systematic studies of Lycoris.This paper made detailed studies through karyotype analysis, pollen LM and SEM Scanning, and field investigation on the materials which including 13 species of the genus Lycoris distributed in China and Lycoris radiata from different population in Anhui province in cytology,pollen morphology and population biology. It can afford some basic scientific data for the discussion on the systematic ralationships of Lycoris and the further exploitation and ultilization of the Lycoris resources, moreover, this paper has found more differences not only between different species of the genus Lycoris,but also between different population of the species Lycoris radiata. The research result as follows:1.The karyotype of the genus Lycoris has great variation,we find some new karyotypes and new chromosome number by meticulous cytological analysis, especially in Lycoris radiata which karyotypes exist tremendous variation even in different population. With the continual discoveries of new karyotype, we can not use the traditional fission theory or fussion theory to explain the evolutional mechanism of the karyotype in Lycoris, the genuine reason of the great variation is caused by mutation from environmental causes or other reasons needing our further researches.2.This paper roundly and systematicaly reports the pollen morphological data of the 13 species in genus Lycoris from China for the first time. Through comparative analysis on the pollen exine ornamentation of Lycoris we think <WP=10>that the pollen characters of Lycoris is relative steady and basically uniform, the shape of pollen grains are all long sphericity, all species have reticulate ornamentation, but there are large varieties between species in Lycoris on these aspects such as the pollen size , Finely reticulate ornamentation or coarsely reticulate ornamentation,psilate muri or curve muri,having spinulose or not and the spinulose position. These characters are significant in identification of species.3.This paper also has made an investigation on the habitation of the wild plants in Lycoris from Anhui province, the results show: The distribution patterns of the Lycoris population mostly belongs to clumped distribution, plants of the Lycoris have strong adaptabilities to environment, sometimes can form dominance communities in herbage layer under fitting habitation such as warm and humid slopes.4. Based on the exterior morphological characters, cotological, pollen and molecular data (including alloenzyme and RAPD), we think that L.rosea, L.sprengeri and L.radiata have closer relationships, and that L.aurea, L.chinensis, L.anhuiensis, L.longituba, L.squamigera, L.incarnata, L.houdyshelli, L.caldwellii, L.albiflora and L.stramea have closer relationships, thereinto the three yellow flower species such as L.aurea, L.chinensis and L.anhuiensis have a good many sameness in almost every aspects, the author thinks maybe this three species can be regarded as three varieties which belongs to one species. In 1949, Traub and Moldenke put forward an idea which thought Lycoris should be divided into two subgenera (Symmanthus Traub & Moldenke and Lycoris) based largely on flower form and length of stamens. This paper do not agree with Traub and Moldenke’s idea. This paper also sustain Cronquist’s opinion through pollen morphology which considers the genus Lycoris and Liliaceae have close relationship. Lycoris should be put in Liliaceae.更多还原