【作者】 宋京津；

【导师】 陈国武；

【作者基本信息】 天津财经学院 ， 国际贸易学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 保障措施制度是国际经济中存在的一项贸易保护制度，并且随着世界经济的不断发展而发展。它在1947年被正式纳入多边贸易纠纷解决机制，但是随后由于自身的缺陷被各国逐渐弃用，客观上造成20世纪70、80年代“灰色区域”措施之风盛行。在1995年世界贸易组织成立以后，保障措施制度得到了规范和梳理，成为WTO允许的三种贸易保护措施之一。当代世界经济全球化和一体化趋势不断加强、多边贸易体制发展完善、各国对外开放持续拓展。我国是一个发展中出口贸易大国，并且已经成为WTO正式成员，在未来合理利用保障措施制度的规则，积极使用和应对保障措施纠纷是一个必做的功课。本文作者希望通过对当今国际贸易中保障措施的演进历史和条款现状研究，基于现代微观经济学理论和WTO纠纷解决实践，来分析探讨我国使用和应对保障措施制度的对策，以促进我国的对外贸易健康发展。全文共分为五章，第一章介绍了保障措施制度的历史演进过程以及其形成的历史必然性；第二章从保障措施制度现状和保障措施纠纷现状等多角度对于这项制度进行分析，指出其与另外两项贸易保护手段的不同之处，并且运用经济学理论分析指明了保障措施制度对世界整体福利的负面影响；第三章主要是从理论和实践两个角度对GATT体系下的保障措施制度的内在缺陷进行了剖析，；第四章则是在WTO成立以后，对于现行的保障措施制度的缺陷进行了深层次的研究、分析；第五章则从转变人的观念和完善客观制度等角度，在充分归纳总结历史经验基础上，提出在WTO内我国应对保障措施制度的对策建议。本文的主要观点有：保障措施制度从无到有，直到成为WTO承认的贸易保护手段，有其深刻的客观经济需要以及自身的特点；虽然合法，但是保障措施制度的实施依然会造成世界福利水平下降的负面影响；保障措施制度本身以及其实践的过程当中存在着很多模糊、甚至互相冲突之处，也有许多遗留的未解决问题，深入探究就可以为我们掌握和利用；应对保障措施制度带来的挑战，首先要从人们的思想观念的转变做起；应对保障措施带来的挑战，制度的合理利用、创新和完善不可或缺。更多还原

【Abstract】 The system of safeguard measures is an important method adopted for trade protection in international economy, and has remained changeable ever since it became into being. In 1947, it was included into《GATT1947》, the global multilateral mechanism for trade disputes, however, due to safeguards’ internal defects, many nations turned to “Grey Area” measures instead in the 1970s and 1980s. After the establishment of WTO in 1995, with safeguards becoming one of the three eligible trade protection methods in WTO, many improvements have been made in order to update and improve it. As China gradually takes part in the process of globalization, we are unavoidably faced with the problem of how to utilize the international rules wisely and play by them accordingly. Studying safeguards is an indispensable part of this critical task.This thesis is intended for providing theoretical analysis and practical countermeasures on safeguards. Chapter One deals with the historical development of safeguards and sets forth reasons of their formation. Chapter Two makes a short survey of safeguard system from various aspects, including current disputes on safeguards, differences between safeguards and the other two eligible protection methods, anti-dumping and anti-subsidy, and a theoretical analysis for global welfare, etc.. In Chapter Three and Four, the internal defects of safeguards system in 《GATT1994》and 《Agreement on Safeguards》are discussed respectively in detail. The last chapter focuses on the countermeasures related to safeguards from 3 different facets.The major viewpoints in the thesis are as follows: the formation and development of safeguards is in accordance with the trend of trade globalization; although allowed by WTO, safeguards inevitably decrease global welfare; the intrinsic defects of safeguards should and can be used by China when participating in international economic disputes and cooperation; to better understand and implement safeguards, it is pivotal to adopt up-to-date ideas and establish systems in compliance with the development of international trade.更多还原