【作者】 白润英；

【导师】 王宝泉； 黄霞；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 市政工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市污水厂越来越多剩余污泥的产生，以及有关剩余污泥处理的立法和相关法规的严格化，处理大量剩余污泥的费用也越来越高。利用微型动物的捕食作用减量活性污泥，虽然减量程度有限，减量的稳定性有待加强，但由于能耗低，不产生二次污染，作为一种生态工程技术近年受到关注。 本文建立了用特定系统中非固态碳增加速率来表征微型动物减量速率的方法，并通过连续运行活性污泥系统证明了此方法是可信的。 本文在连续运行活性污泥系统中导入了曝气池中常见的寡毛纲环节动物门的红斑顠体虫和腹足纲淡水螺类的卷贝两种微型动物，考察了它们对污泥的减量效果：活性污泥产量与微型动物密度呈负相关。当红斑顠体虫密度超过50ind／ml，污泥产生量是没有虫子时的污泥量的20-30％；卷贝5ind／l左右时，污泥产生量是没有虫子时的污泥量的8-16％。并将摇瓶试验结果带入连续运行系统中进行了印证。 进一步考察了两种微型动物对水处理效果的影响：一定密度下，红斑顠体虫和卷贝对出水中的COD、氨氮和总磷的影响不大；同时，红斑顠体虫的存在有利于污泥沉降性能的改善，卷贝对污泥沉降性能几乎没有影响。 由于两种微型动物的加入，利用醌指纹法—基于新的多样性指标(DQ)和种的均匀性指标(EQ)，考察了微型动物对活性污泥中的微生物群落的影响：试验期间内，两种微型动物对活性污泥中微生物多样性及微生物种的均匀性没有明显影响；同时对醌指纹法应用高效液相色谱仪时的实验条件进行初步探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 with the more and more excess sludge and the environmental and legislative requirements ,the cost of excess sludge disposal becomes higher and higher. New technologies for excess sludge reduction are thus in a urgent need. As one of ecological approaches, reduction of excess sludge through predation of micro faunal has been paid more and more attention since it requires a little energy and brings no second pollution.In this thesis, the performance of sludge reduction in a conventional activated sludge process where Aeolosoma hempfichicii (one species of oligochaeta) and physa acuta(one species of gastropoda) were induced as the two of micro faunal ,whose effects on the sludge reduction ,at the same time,were investigated. The sludge yield was experimentally found to be in a negative correlation to the density of Aeolosoma hempfichicii and physa in the activated sludge reactor. In the running activated sludge system, when the density of Aeolosoma hempfichicii was up 50 ind/ml, the sludge reduction by Aeolosoma hempfichicii was 20-30%;whereas when physa was about 5ind/l, the sludge reduction was 8-16%.More experiments showed that the two of micro faunal have no side-effects on wastewater disposal in given density of the micro faunal. The existence of Aeolosoma hempfichicii and physa did not affect COD, NH4+-N and P removals in the process. Aeolosoma hempfichicii could improve but physa was independent of the sludge settlement.The method of quinone profiles, since the two of micro faunal were induced in a activated sludge reactor, was used to evaluate the changes in microbial diversity based on the new diversity index of the respiratory quinines(DQ)and an index of equitability of the distribution of quinine species(EQ),and the changes in the microbial community were analyzed .The results indicated microbial diversity and equitability of the distribution ofmicrobial species were not both changed obviously in response to the two of micro faunal. Moreover, the HPLC’ s experimental conditions were briefly discussed.更多还原