【作者】 周敏；

【导师】 黄廷林；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 市政工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 利用给水管网中为数不多的监测点实测压力和流量以及水厂总供水量来估计供水管网工作状态的全貌，对管网改扩建、日常管理乃至优化调度有着重要的意义。 本文利用模糊聚类方法，对影响系数加以分析将具有相同水压变化规律的节点划归为一组，最后在每组中选择最具代表性的节点作为测压点，从而优化选择了西宁市给水管网测压点。西宁市现状管网中布置了32个测点（包括已有的16个），占总节点数的1／4。一般中小型管网的监测点数量为节点总数的1／5～1／6，考虑到西宁管网的实际情况，在测点位置和数量上为今后的发展留有余地。 利用简约梯度优化法求解给水管网状态估计的最小二乘数学模型，实测某一工况下西宁市配水管网部分节点水压H₀、各水源供水量（管段摩阻已知）分别用优化选择的测压点水压和按经验选择的测压点水压估计所有节点的水压，对西宁市配水管网进行了状态估计。计算表明，模糊聚类选择的测压点具有较好的代表性，估计的40个节点水压值与实测值误差的方均根为2.04m，估计精度较高，能满足管网模拟的要求。同时表明，用模糊聚类方法选择的测压点水压进行状态估计的精度明显高于按经验选点时的精度。另外，还对估计的误差进行了分析，提出了合理的迭代终止准则。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is very important to estimate the state of water supply network for reconstruction or extending networks, for daily management and even for optimal control of the networksIn this paper, all nodes of the water network with the similar regularity of water pressure varying are classified to one group by fuzzy clustering. Then the most representative node in each group is selected as the locality for setting pressure measure apparatus. The pressure measure points in Xi’ning are optimized and selected by this way. There are 32 measure points which will be setted in the network (16 setted). The proportion of water pressure measure points in all the nodes of the network is 1/4. Generally speaking, the proportion should be 1/5-1/6 in middle and small network. Considering the network ’s situation, the place and number of measure points’s setting is more effective in future.The steps of Reduced Gradient optimal method is used on solving the Least Squares theory model. At some situation, some nodes pressure and supply of all water-supply sources are measured in Xi’ning (resistance parameter of all pipes are known). By using the pressure of the experiment and optimal measure points, the state simulation is done respectively to get all nodes’ pressure. The comparison of the estimation results express that the optimal measure points is more representative than experiment one. At the same time, its precision is obvious well than experiment one. Square root of the average of the square summation of the difference between all estimated node water pressure H* and all real node water pressure H0 is 2.04m in Xi’ning network. Meanwhile it analyzes the error of state estimation and raises the termination criterion for iteration.更多还原