【作者】 汤正辉；

【导师】 苗琛； 石雷；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 苦苣苔科植物种类繁多，除少数种类外，主要生长于热带地区。苦苣苔科是较大的科，全世界约140属，2000余种。其中有上百种美丽的观赏品种。该科植物多具有披满绒毛的叶片，整株植物外形多为座莲状，具有颜色鲜艳的管状或铃状花。各种苦苣苔常具有独特的开花习性。 现今在墨西哥、西印度群岛以及中、南美洲等地区具有丰富的苦苣苔资源。许多重要的热带美洲苦苣苔种类，如大岩桐、可伦花、喜荫花等均生长在这里。非洲的苦苣苔科植物资源并不丰富，但在东非的一小块区域却是各种艳丽的Saintpaulia的原产地，这种苦苣苔又称为“非洲紫罗兰”，现已成为西方国家室内观赏花卉的重要品种。 许多珍贵的苦苣苔科植物生长在亚洲，其中有芒毛苣苔、唇柱苣苔、半蒴苣苔和台闽苣苔等。中国有56属(其中28属特产我国)，约450种，均属苦苣苔亚科。很多种类为珍稀濒危物种，值得研究保护，许多品种可筛选开发成为观赏花卉。 本实验主要以刺齿唇柱苣苔和烟叶唇柱苣苔为主要实验材料，运用组织培养的方法，对苦苣苔植物的离体保存、快速繁殖过程进行探讨。在一年中于盛夏采取植物嫩叶为外植体离体培养能得到最好的效果；MS培养基附加BA0.1～3.0mg／L，NAA0.1mg／L，蔗糖3％，琼脂0.65％的培养基材料增殖快。通过本实验证明苦苣苔植物的叶片组织具有较强的再生能力。当生长调节物质，尤其是生长素和细胞分裂素的含量适宜时，某些苦苣苔在3～4个月内可由一片叶子再生1000株以上的小植株。 到目前为止，已成功培养了15种(共25个栽培种)苦苣苔科植物，栽培成活约1500盆(株)。某些种类，如烟叶唇柱苣苔、焰苞唇柱苣苔、非洲紫罗兰和大岩桐等，已经开花。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Gesneriaceae family, with few exceptions, is chiefly warm-climate, found in tropical areas. This giant family of some 140 different genus, and approximately 2000 species, includes hundreds of handsome, often velvety-leaved plants with showy wheel-shaped, tubular, or bell-like flowers. The gesneriads are so variable in foliage, texture, growth, and flowering habits that one would have to be a specialist to realize mat all were member of the same plant group.The western hemisphere-Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America-offer the great wealth in species of gesneriads in cultivation today. Most important of this tropical American group are the Sirmingias, the Columneas, Episcias. Africa is not so rich on species, but from a rather small area in East Africa originate the various Saintpaulia, Which as the "African violet" is easily today the most admired little flowering plant in the home of West countries.Many curious gesneriads come from Asia, amongst them are Aeschynan, Chirita, Hemiboea, Titanotrichum and so on. Fifty six genus, about 450 species have been found in China, and there are 28 genus could be found in China only. Lots of the gesneriads are rarely species, lots of mem are beautiful ornamental flowers.This paper deals with the methods for in vitro conservation of gesneriads. The another purpose of this experiment is to search and demonstrate the high regenerative capacity of leaf tissue of gesneriads. The contamination rate was greatly increased by using a improved surface-sterilized -technology and had more adventitious shoot formation in MS medium supplemented with BA 0.1-0.3 mg/l, NAA 0.1 mg/l. When optimal levels of growth substances, particularly auxin and cytokinins, are utilized, many species of gesneriads can be generated from a single leaf. Today, about 15 species and more than 25 clones of Gesneriaceae plants have been conserved in vitro and propagated. A procedure for the in vitro regeneration shoots via organogenesia of gesneriads is described.更多还原