【作者】 柳岳武；

【导师】 马小泉；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 清末地方审判制度改革是晚清司法改革的主要内容。新式审级权限制度、审判监督制度和诉讼裁判制度等地方审判制度的改革与运作对中国法制近代化产生重要影响，它改变了中国传统的司法审判制度，为近代司法审判制度的确立奠定基础。但是审判制度层面的先进性战胜影响深远和沉积深厚的封建性是非常艰难的，一系列不利因素导致地方审判制度改革具有极大局限性。尽管如此，但从中国法制近代化这一主题看，它对我国法制近代化起着巨大的推动作用。本文从这一思路出发，以奉天地方审判制度改革为例，试图对清末地方审判制度改革及运作情况做一初步考察，为当前审判制度改革提供借鉴。 本文正文共分五个部分。 文章首先从政治、经济、思想观念的变迁以及世界化趋势等方面进行分析。清末特定社会条件下的封建政治体制与经济多元化的冲突，以及西方三权分立、自由、民主、平等、司法独立等近代资本主义思想观念的传入和司法事务全球化的发展趋势为清末地方审判制度改革提供了条件，而特定的社会变迁成为这一时期改革的社会背景。 其次，文章从政策和实践两方面对清末奉天地方审判制度的改革过程进行考察。1900年“变法上谕”到1906年4月“五大臣出洋考察”为第一阶段，这是地方审判制度改革的理论构思阶段；1906年7月13日“立宪上谕”的颁布到1910年“五年预备立宪”的开始为第二阶段，这是奉天地方审判制度改革实施和部分地方审判制度开始运作阶段；1910年11月到1911年10月是奉天地方审判制度改革由高潮走向低潮的阶段。 第三，文章详细论述奉天地方审判制度改革的内容，对审级权限制度、审判监督制度和诉讼裁判制度进行考察，并将其同中国传统的审判制度进行比较，分析新制度的优劣。新式审判制度的确立虽有缺陷，但在一定程度上改变了中国传统的审判体制，为近代资本主义司法体制的确立做出了巨大贡献。 第四，文章一方面对新式审判制度的社会实践进行重点论述，考察奉天地方审判制度改革的运作情况和实施效果以及社会的反应;另一方面对这一改革做出客观公允的评判。地方司法运作虽有后期的不理想局面，但前期运作积极而富有成效，前期良好的社会运作很好地证明了这一新制度的先进性。然而后期的社会运作状况又说明了这一改革在当时难逃“失败”的必然命运，分析这一改革在当时不能成功的深层社会原因是认识这一问题的关键。 最后，文章从总体上对奉天地方审判制度改革影响做一小结，并就该领域的研究提出两点意见:一是对这一时期司法审判制度改革“近代化”的认识问题。近代化改革应该是全面的、整体的，光靠某个方面、某个局部的改革是不够的、不全面的。中国近代化应该是经济、政治、文化、社会心理等全方位的近代化，少了哪一个方面或只做哪一个方面的努力都是不够的。二是对奉天地方审判制度改革的评价问题。许多学者认为清末司法审判制度改革是一次失败的尝试，本文并不这么认为;恰恰相反，清末地方审判制度改革在清末社会范围内看，我们可以说它失败了，但如果将它放在中国近现代发展史的范围内考察，无疑它又可以称得上是一次成功的改革。更多还原

【Abstract】 Judicial reform in late Qing Dynasty was one of most important content of legal reform. The reform and practice of the new judicial institution which included the judicial levels and jurisdiction institution, judicial supervision institution litigation and judicial adjudication institution and so on. It changed the traditional judicial institution and formed a base for the modern judicial system. But the advantage of the new judicial institution reform couldn’t conquer the feudal backwardness which was so heavy and strong. A series of backwards and feudal factors resulted in failure of the Fengtian province judicial institution reform. However, as for as the history of Chinese judicial modernization is concerned, the reform had a great influence. From this point of view, this thesis tries to make an exploration on the local judicial institution reform and social practice through analyzing the innovation in Fengtian.First of all, through analyzing of the change of politics economy ideology and global tendency and other aspects, this thesis goes to analyze the social backgrounds and situations of the reform. Confliction between feudal politic system and various economic factors the import of freedom democracy equality and judicial independence and so on new ideas, in addition to the judicial case globalization, above-mentioned all had provided the favorable factors for the reform.Secondly it discusses the process of the reform which is the typical representative of the whole country. From the two different parts of the policy and practice, this thesis makes a brief description about the process of Fengtian local judicial institution reform. The first stage is from the 1900 to 1906 which is the theory preparation and consideration stage. The second stage is from 1906’s ready constitutional edict declaration to 1910’s prepared constitution reform in five years which is the stage of the local application and partly social function of the reform. From 1910 to 1911 was the ending stage, in this stage, the reform came from the climax to the lowest ebb.Thirdly the thesis detailed to discuss the contents of the local judicial institution reform which includes the judicial levels and jurisdiction institution judicialsupervision institution litigation and judicial adjudication institution. Through comparing the new judicial institution with the old traditional judicial institution, the thesis wants to analyze the advantage and disadvantage of the reform. The new institution had its shortcoming, but in the long run, it changed the old traditional judicial institution and had an important devotion to the establishment of the new legal system.In the forth part, in one side, the thesis emphatically inspects the social practice of the local judicial institution reform, and goes on to analyze the social effect as well as the social reflection. In other side, it gives an objective appraisal to it. The local judicial practice had a negative ending, but the beginning was active and gained a great achievement which proved the new institution was advanced. However, the failed ending told us that the reform could not escape the failing destiny, especially at that time. To analyze themam reasons why the local judicial institution reform is not successful in such backgrounds is the key to understand the result.Lastly, the thesis gives a brief summary to the historic effect of the reform and provides two pieces of advice to research the legal reform. One is about how to understand the modernization of China. The reform of modernization will be included all the aspects of the society such as economy, politics culture and social psychology and so on. Relying on one aspect or part is not advisable, shorting of one aspect or part is not successful. The other is about how to appraise the local judicial institution reform. A lot of scholars considered the reform as a failed one, the author has an opposite opinion. The judicial reform maybe failed if we put it in late Qing social surroundings, but when we consider i更多还原