【作者】 李维驹；

【导师】 吴泽勇；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着工业化和城市化的大规模迅速发展，由环境污染和生态破坏所造成的环境侵权现象成为我国的一大社会问题。本文旨在通过对环境诉讼一般理论的论述，结合对国外环境诉讼制度的考察，分析我国现行环境诉讼制度的弊端，提出构建我国环境诉讼制度的一些设想。全文分为引言、正文和结语三部分，约36000字。其主要内容是： 引言：阐述了选题的意义、研究范围、基本思路。 正文部分内容为： 第一部分：介绍了环境诉讼的一般理论，界定了环境诉讼的概念，分析了其特征、种类。指出对于环境诉讼，可以定义为：是指双方因人为原因造成的环境问题致人身权、财产权或其他合法权益损害或有损害之虞发生争执，并在具有审判功能的机构处理的行为。环境诉讼具有以下特征：1、环境诉讼的目的是为了使因环境问题遭受侵害的权利得到救济；2、环境诉讼是一个由多种诉讼制度构成的综合性法律系统；3、环境诉讼呈现出诉权的社会化，诉权的范围进一步扩大化的特点；4、环境诉讼的审判权也呈现扩大化趋势。环境诉讼是一个由多种诉讼制度构成的综合性法律系统，可以从不同的角度，对之进行分类。 第二部分：对一些国家的环境诉讼制度进行了考察。主要考察了美国、日本、法国、瑞典、印度五国的环境诉讼制度。指出几国均存在以环境权为基础的“公民诉讼”法律条款；集团诉讼成为环境诉讼的重要形式；为了减轻环境侵权受害人的因果关系举证责任，盖然性说、疫学因果关系说、间接反证说等大都得到了各国判例乃至立法的承认，各国普遍实行了举证责任倒置或转移原则。 第三部分：对我国现行环境诉讼制度进行了分析。指出我国现行环境诉讼制度存在以下弊端：1、对传统环境诉讼起诉条件限制过多；2、代表人诉讼制度不能满足环境诉讼需要;3、环境公益诉讼缺失;4、环境诉讼证据规则存在缺陷。 第四部分:提出了改进我国环境诉讼制度的若干构想。主要有:1、在传统诉讼领域，在现有民事诉讼、行政诉讼制度框架内有必要放宽起诉条件，扩大人民法院受案范围;2、建立环境公益诉讼制度;3、环境诉讼的保障措施为:推进审判方式改革，真正实现审判权的独立，从而为法院机能扩张提供可能性;建立专「1的证据规则，对于专家证人、证据效力、举证时限、举证责任等问题进行明确;建立、完善环境公益诉讼的法律援助、帮助制度。 结语:对环境诉讼制度进行了概括性的总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the phenomenon of environmental tort, which is caused by environment pollution and ecological destruction, has become a major social problem. By analyzing the general theory of environmental lawsuit combined with the study on the foreign countries’ environmental lawsuit system, this thesis analyzes the corrupt practice of our country’s environmental lawsuit system and also put forward some suggestion to constructing it. This thesis contains four pangs (about 36000 words) .The main contents are:Preface: explain the significance of this topic selecting, the study area ,and the basic thoughts.Chapter I : introduce the general theory of environmental lawsuit; clarify the definition of environmental lawsuit; analyze its category and features. The definition of environmental lawsuit is: two opposite lawsuit parties dispute because of the damage of the personal right, property right and other legal rights’ etc caused by environmental problem people make, and handled in a justice way. The features of environmental lawsuit are: 1,the aim is to get relief for the infringed rights caused by environmental problems; 2,environmental lawsuit is a comprehensive system made up of different lawsuit systems; 3,environmental lawsuit’s procedural rights are socialized and its scope is broadened; 4, in environmental lawsuit, the justice right presents the broaden trend; generally speaking, environmental lawsuit is a comprehensive law system which consists of different lawsuit systems. We can classify it in different angles.Chapter II: investigate some foreign country’s environmental lawsuit system, such as in America, in Japan, in Sweden, in France, and in India. This thesis points out that those five countries mentioned above have ’citizen lawsuit’ legal provision, whichis based on environmental right. Group lawsuit is or going to be the important form of environmental lawsuit. In order to lighten the sufferers’ cause and effect testimony-offering responsibility, those countries confess in their legal precedent or legislation the theory of probability, medical cause, effect and indirect disproof, and implement the invert testimony-offering responsibility or shifting principle.Chapter III. Analyze our country’s current environmental lawsuit, and point put its corrupt practices: l,too much limitation to traditional lawsuit’s sue condition; 2, typical representative can’t meet the needs of environmental lawsuit; 3,lack of environmental public welfare lawsuit; 4,there are some defects in the testimony regulations of the environmental lawsuit.Chapter IV: put forward some suggestions on the improvement of our country’s environmental lawsuit system. It contains: in traditional lawsuit field, it’s necessary to broaden the sue conditions and the court’s putonfile-for-investigation-and-prosecution range based on the current civil lawsuit and administrating lawsuit systems; construct the environmental public welfare lawsuit system; advance the reform of the try pattern and realize the trail independence in order to provide probability for the court’s function; build up special testimony rule and classify the specialist’s testimony, the effect of the proof, the time limit of the testimony and the effect of the proof, the time limit of the testimony responsibilities, etc. build and complete environmental public welfare lawsuit support system which is used as environmental lawsuit guarantee system .Condluding remarks: generalize the environmental lawsuit system.更多还原