【作者】 孙永红；

【导师】 舒大兴；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着计算机技术的发展，在水文学及水资源学科，运用各种先进、复杂的专业算法求解已经不成问题，但由于地形地貌的复杂性，水文计算中所需的原始资料，如河段的长度，河段各断面上各个节点处的河宽等数据的人工实地采集工作仍然是很费时费力的事。然而，如果利用已有的地图资料，借助GIS技术进行数据采集，就比较省时省力。 本文大致可分为三个部分。 第一部分主要介绍了GIS的概念和研究内容，GIS与相关软件的比较以及GIS的现状、发展趋势、当前GIS研究的热点等等，然后具体介绍了用GIS的相关技术如：用“半自动跟踪”方法对地图进行数字化，用“自动量算”方法得到线对象的长度、面对象的面积等，最终完成了象山水库下游法别拉河河道地形数据资料的提取工作，这种方法与人工实地采集工作相比，有较强的优越性和重要的实际应用价值。 第二部分将GIS所得到的河道地理数据用于象山水库溃坝模拟计算。这一部分首先分析比较了溃坝波的各种求解方法，然后采用传统的一维圣维南方程组和隐式差分格式进行了溃坝洪水演进计算，然后根据计算结果分析了各种溃坝情况下洪水对河道两岸村屯的影响。 第三部分首先对计算结果作了总结，然后讨论了一些GIS的其他技术和发展趋势，并举了一些应用实例。目前GIS已运用到各个领域，如何更好地将GIS技术应用于水文学及水资源学科，是当前水利行业研究的热点，相信GIS技术在今后的水文学及水资源学科必将发挥更大的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of computer technology in hydrographic field, usage of many kinds of advanced and complicate algorithms is not a problem.. But because of complexity of geography, acquirement of primitive data needed in hydrographic calculation is still hard to tackle, for example, the length of river segment, the width of every node of every river segment. Whereas, if we make use of current map, with the help of GIS technology, collecting data will become easy, precise and convenient.This thesis consists of three main parts.The first part mainly introduces the GIS concept and contents of GIS, the comparison between the related software and GIS, the present condition and development trend of GIS etc, then introduced how to use the GIS technique in a specific way such as using the method of " the half-automatic to follow" to turn the map into arithmetic figure, using the method of " the automatic calculates" gets the length of the line and area of field etc, at last got the length and width of every cross section of the Fabiela river which is located downstream of xiangshan mountain. this method is superior and time-saving comparing with collecting data on the spot, having important and actual application worth .The second part used the river geography data get from GIS into xiangshan reservoir dam-break simulation system. This part analyzed and compared many kinds of solvement of dam-break , then the adopted traditional one-direction B. Saint. Venant equation and conceal format to calculate the proceeding of dam-break flood, then according to calculation result analyzed influence of villages located beside Fabiela river from dam-break flood.The third part made the summary of calculation result, then discussed other techniques of GIS and its develop trend, listed some examples which adopted GIS techniques . Now GIS has been used in many fields, how to apply the technique of GIS in hydrology and water resources courses better is a hot field in current water conservancy field . I believe GIS technique will develop greater function in hydrology and water resources courses in future.更多还原