家族企业治理模式及其优化

【作者】 李慧；

【导师】 李家军； 程书强；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 西方经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 家族企业是一种跨越时空即跨越社会发展阶段、跨越国界的企业组织。我国家族企业运用家族治理模式经过20多年的蓬勃发展，现已成为国民经济的重要支柱。但多数已经发展到一定阶段的家族企业普遍遇到了发展瓶颈，影响了家族企业的持续、快速成长。 我国当代的家族企业处在社会转型背景之中，在一个多世纪的动乱和反复批判中，家文化受到严重摧残，特别是连结人际交往的泛家族信任规则受到极大破坏，它在家族企业融合各层面的社会资本纽带功能大大弱化。社会转型状态法制型的制度信任还很不完善，使得家族企业一方面难以象晋商、徽商、近代民族企业那样获得泛家族信任规则这种传统伦理信任资源的有力支撑；另一方面又受到法制型信任严重残缺的制约，从而使得多数私营企业不得不选择家族治理模式进行相机治理，并难以从家族治理模式向现代企业治理模式转变。 家族治理模式在某些方面具有一定的特殊效率，特别是在企业初创阶段，这在一定程度上保证了家族企业的竞争力。但随着家族企业的进一步成长和发展，家族治理模式的弊端逐渐暴露出来。必须对家族企业治理模式进行改良和优化。 我国当代的家族企业只有20来年的发展历程，而且，我国家文化传统异常悠久和深厚，长期以来形成的家族主义、泛家族主义文化对家族企业的治理存在极大影响。因而我们在选择企业治理模式时绝不能刻意模仿和盲目照搬，只有很好地适应我国政治、法律、经济、历史、文化等环境因素的企业治理模式才可能发挥最佳治理效率。本文认为须从以下几方面优化家族企业治理模式：1、完善社会信任。倡导诚信观念、构建诚信的外部环境；2、优化股权结构和资本结构。实现产权多元化，创新融资渠道：3、优化企业内外部治理机制，实现业主自我超越，加强人才选拔、培养、激励机制建设，强化债权人、中介机构、外部市场等对企业的治理。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of enterprise organization, crossing over time and space, that is to say, crossing over developing stage of society and nations, family firm widely exists not only in low developed nations but also in much developed countries. Over 20 years’ vigorous development, our country’s family firm, making use of family’s control mode has become the important pillar in national economy. However, lots of family firms, getting into a certain developing stage, universally encountered bottleneck problems, which affected family firms’ persistent and rapid development.The contemporary Chinese family firm is in the background that the society makes the transition. In turmoil and repeated criticizing of more than one century, family culture was destroyed seriously. And especially Pan-family trust that connects human relationships is damaged severely, making its tie function of merging the social capital into family firm was weakened greatly. In the state that the society makes the transition, legal credit system is not perfect, because of which family firm is not easy to obtain strong support of traditional ethical credit resources like Jin Dynasty trader, Hui trader and modern national entrepreneur. On the other hand, owing to the incomplete legal credit system, most private enterprises have to choose family’s control mode and face difficulties to change into enterprise’s control mode.Family’s control mode is of efficiency in certain stage, especially during the original course of enterprises. But with the further development, the drawback reveals out gradually. Only through innovation and reform, family firm can develop healthily.Contemporary family firm in our country existed only twenty years. Our nation is a country with most largest and strongest family culture tradition, thus the family culture and Pan-family culture, developing from that tradition through long time, have deeply influenced the management of family firm. Therefore, we cannot sedulously imitate and blindly copy modern enterprise system of western countries when choosing enterprise’s control mode. Only this kind of enterprise control mode, well meeting such environmental factions as the politics, the law, economy, historyand culture of our country, can bring the best control efficiency.This paper discusses that the following methods are useful way to optimize family’s control mode: First, perfect social trust, advocate credibility concept, and build trustful external environment. Second, optimize stock right structure and capital structure, realize the stock right pluralism and create new channels of financing. Third, optimize control mechanism both internally and externally, achieve that entrepreneurs surmount themselves, strengthen the mechanism construction of talents choosing, training and encouraging, promote the control of the creditor, the inter mediate organization and external market over enterprises.更多还原