中国机床工具行业技术创新的研究

【作者】 李初管；

【导师】 王欣；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 现代经济中，技术创新的状态及其变化决定着经济增长的速度和质量，而以机床工具行业为主的装备制造业是各个工业化和后工业化国家的主导产业之一，因为它对其它产业提供技术手段，它的技术水平直接影响其它产业的竞争力。所以提高机床工具行业的技术创新水平，对降低工业综合能耗、提高整个国民经济效益、实现经济增长方式的转变意义重大。 技术创新是熊彼特最先提出的。本文首先系统介绍了技术创新概念、过程、类型和对企业及整个经济系统的重要意义，以明确技术创新的相关范畴。认为其作为以其构思新颖性和成功实现为特征的有意义的非连续性事件。一方面，企业家通过技术创新抓住市场的潜在盈利机会，更新组织生产条件和要素，建立起效能更强、效率更高和费用更低的生产经营系统，从而获取超额的商业利益。另一方面对于整个经济系统，技术创新通过引擎、扩张、持续、结构优化四种效应，改变经济系统的结构参数，促使其结构发生变化，进一步提高创新效益并诱发新一轮创新，促使经济高质量的增长。 本文从企业制度、市场和国家三种角度出发，构建在一个市场经济体系下，激励企业技术创新的框架，并从这一框架出发，分析了产权激励、市场激励和政府激励的三种技术创新激励机制，指出这三种激励是相辅相成、相互依赖的。产权激励规定了人们与创新成果的所有关系，并使之成为激励创新的制度。同时他又通过市场机制发挥着提供信息、经济激励和决定收入分配三大功能。因此，市场过程是一个技术创新进行自组织的过程即市场激励。但同时，由于创新成果的公共商品特性就导致了市场激励引发的创新不一定是社会最优水平的创新，因此必须由政府激励。政府是一种非市场激励，这三种机制互相作用，就构成了技术创新的激励支持系统即由制度创新的制度条件、适宜的创新战略、政府对技术创新的支持等构成。率先技术创新可以引起引擎效应运部分较深刻分析了创新激励和支持系统的若干理论问题，是本文的重点，也是本文的创新点。 就我国机床工具行业的状况而言，我们存在企业技术创新水平不高，产品缺乏国际竞争力。以技术创新的支持系统为理论框架，从企业制度、市场环境与国家宏观政策(主要是市场结构、产业结构、技术方面。其中在产业结构调整方面特别指出的对策是以产品为主线的行业整体结构调整；以工业园为主线的地方区域结构调整；以专业化为主线的企业单元结构调整，这也是本文在实践方面的创新点)方面，深入探讨了我国机床工具行业提高技术创新水平的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modem economy, state and change of technology innovation can make a difference at speed and quality of economic growth. The equipment-manufacturing industry based on the machine tool industry is one of main industries in industrial and post-industrial countries, and its technological level has significant influences on competence of other industry directly, because it provides technological methods. So to improve the level of technology innovation in the machine tool industry is very significant to decrease industrial consumption, improve the whole national economic benefit and complete change of economic growth ways.Hong Peter first puts technology innovation forward. At first of all, the paper introduces concept, process and types of technology innovation and its very important significance to business and the whole economic system in order to apprehend the researching area of technology innovation. At the process of technology innovation, entrepreneurs grape potential opportunities in market, renew and re-organize condition and element of manufacturing, build up stronger, faster and cheaper manufacturing and running system in order to gain extra profit. In the meanwhile, for the whole economic system, by changing industrial structural parameters of economic system and improving industrial structure, technology innovation cause fast growth of economy and induce another process of technology innovation.Proceeding from three kinds of angles of enterprise institution, market and country, the paper make the frame of technological innovation that stimulates innovative activities of enterprises under the market economy. And beginning with the frame, it analyzes three kinds of incentive mechanisms of technological innovation that are the incentive mechanism of property right, the incentive mechanism of market and the incentive mechanism of government, and points out they complement and depend on each other. The incentive mechanism of property right which acts on three majorfunctions of offering information, economic stimulation and determination of income distribution through the market mechanism at the same time, is considered as one important incentive institution .because it stipulate all relations between people and innovative achievement. And so the incentive mechanism of market is one course in which technological innovation carries on by the organizing course of market by oneself. At the same time, because the public goods characteristic of the innovative achievement leads to the fact that the innovation that the market encourages is uncertain that it is the innovation of a social optimum level, innovative activities must be encouraged by the government. These three kinds of mechanisms interact on each other, and form the supporting system of technological innovation concluding institutional condition of technological innovation, suitable innovative strategy and government supporting to technological innovation. This part analyzes several theoretical questions of stimulation and supporting system of technological innovation deeply. It is a focal point of the paper, is too the innovative point of the paper.As far as state of the machine tool industry in our country, the technological innovation of our enterprise level is not high, the products lack the international competence. So we should set up the effective incentive mechanism of technological innovation . For this reason, regarding supporting system of technological innovation as the theory frame, from the market environment, enterprise institution, national macro-policy and the policy of market industry and technology, the paper have probed into measure about improving the level of technological innovation in the machine tool industry of our country deeply.更多还原