基于分布式环境WebGIS的研究与设计

【作者】 王安保；

【导师】 胡金初；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 地理信息系统(Geographic Information System，GIS)是一种为了获取、存储、检索、分析和显示空间定位数据而建立的计算机化的数据库管理系统，它集当代最先进的图形、图像、地质、地理、遥感、测绘、人工智能、计算机科学等技术为一体，是当前研究的热点之一。自六十年代以来，它在全球范围内取得了很大的进步，无论在系统理论、研究方法还是在应用系统等方面都有着长足的发展，随着相关技术的发展和实际应用的需要，地理信息系统将向着数据标准化，数据多维化，系统集成化，系统智能化，平台网络化，应用社会化的方向发展。 90年代开始飞速发展的国际互联网技术给传统地理信息系统的进一步发展提出了新的要求。我们迫切需要解决如何以国际互联网作为分布式计算平台构建地理信息系统，如何在国际互联网上发布地理空间数据和信息，如何方便用户查询所需要的相关地理信息等问题。另一方面，国际互联网也为解决地理信息系统发展所面临的降低地理空间数据采集成本、提高地理信息的共享程度等问题提供了良好的解决方法，它是地理信息系统的社会化和大众化的基础。 地理信息系统正逐渐深入到各个领域，而计算机网络的迅速普及又加快了传统GIS向WebGIS迈进的步伐，GIS与网络技术的结合是当前GIS研究领域的重要方向，构造分布式地理信息系统—WebGIS是GIS发展的趋势。 分布式计算技术、分布式数据库技术和分布式对象技术是解决WebGIS中存在问题的关键技术。本文首先针对目前国内GIS软件的缺陷，对互联网时代地理信息系统的发展趋势和技术进行了探讨；然后提出利用分布式计算技术解决速度问题，利用分布式数据库技术解决数据分布和数据共享问题以及利用分布式对象技术克服各子系统集成问题的思路，探讨了在上述技术的基础上开发动态更新的WebGIS；最后通过对实际应用中所遇到问题的分析，提出了切实可行的基于分布式环境的WebGIS解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Geographic Information System (GIS) is a database management system for getting, storing, searching, analyzing and displaying spatial data. It consists of most advanced techniques such as graphics, image, geology, geography, remote sensing, surveying, artificial intelligence, computer science and so on. GIS is one of the most promising and attractive research fields. From 1960s on, it has made great progress all over the world, not only on its system theory, but also on its research method and applications. With the development of related technologies and the need of practical applications, the prospect of GIS is Data Standardization, Data Multidimensional, System Integration, System Intellectualization, Platform Network and Application Socialization.The World Wide Web technology, having rapidly developed from 1990s, brings request to the development of traditional GIS. It is emergency for us to explore how to use World Wide Web as the distributed computing platform for GIS, how to release Geographic space data and information in the internet and how to make it easy for users to search the geographical information which was needed in the internet. On the other hand, World Wide Web is also a good way for reducing geographical data collection cost and advancing geographical information share degree. It is the foundation of the GIS’ s socialization and popularization.GIS is penetrating into all kinds of fields, and the rapid application of computer network is accelerating the evolution of the WebGIS from traditional GIS. The combination of GIS with the network technology is an important developing direction of the present GIS research field, and the constructing of distributed GIS, the WebGIS, is the trend for the developing of GIS.The key technology to solve the problems which exist in WebGIS is using distributed computing technology, distributed database technology and distributed object technology. Firstly, this paper contrapose thedisfigurements which exist in the internal GIS software, the trend and technology of GIS in the era of INTERNET was discussed. Secondly, using distributed computing technology to solve the problem of speed, making use of distributed database technology to settle the data distribution and share problem and utilizing distributed object technology to solve the problem of integrating the subsystems. Finally, according to analysis for actual problem I have met in my developing process, this paper put forward a blue print which is very available to WebGIS based on distributed environment.更多还原