【作者】 张浙峰；

【导师】 王保保；

【作者基本信息】 西安电子科技大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 导航是一个技术门类的总称，是引导飞机、船舶、车辆以及个人(总称作运载体)安全、准确地沿着选定的路线，准时到达目的地的一种手段。以前，人们主要利用太阳、星星等自然天体。现在人们利用的导航系统主要有：天文导航系统、惯性导航系统、无线电导航系统三大类。其中天文导航是最早被人们利用的一种导航方法，但这种方法存在受自然条件、天气、时间制约、精度低等缺点。惯性导航是20世纪40年代发展起来的一种导航方法，由于其抗干扰性强，被广泛应用在车、船、飞机当中。无线电导航是利用无线电电波的波速进行导航的方法，根据导航基点可分为陆基导航和空基导航。陆基导航系统的代表有罗兰和奥米伽系统。空基导航系统代表有美国的GPS和俄国的GLONASS卫星导航系统。NCAPS系统是我国科学家最近提出的一种新的卫星导航系统。其主要原理是：地面控制站利用通信卫星(而不是专用的导航卫星)转发导航电文给接收机，接收机利用导航电文解算出本地位置。CAPS系统同GPS和GLONASS系统最大的区别在于NCAPS的卫星参考基点是一个虚拟点，而其实际参考基点在地面控制站上。NCAPS导航系统的最大优势是：在不影响用户定位精度的条件下，可大大降低整个系统的研制、运行和维护成本。本文详细讨论了NCAPS导航系统的原理并推导出NCAPS系统的定位方程。对于定位方程的解法，除了传统的线性化方法和最小二乘法外，还提出了利用优化算法来求解方程。最后还讨论了Kalman滤波的基本原理及在NCAPS导航系统中的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Navigation is the summary of a kind of technique which is used to guide plane, ship, vehicle and individual to reach destination by specified route accurately and safely. At ancient times, people were navigated by means of sun, fixed stars, etc., while currently the common navigation systems are astronomic navigation, inertial navigation and radio navigation. Astronomic navigation is the earliest one people used, which has the default of low precision and constrained by natural condition, weather and time. Inertial navigation, emerged in 1940s, is widely used in guiding vehicles, ships and planes for its strong anti-jamming ability. Radio navigation makes use of wireless wave, which can be divided into land-based and space-based system according to the position of base point. Two typical land-based systems are LORAN and Omega, while typical space-based systems are GPS of USA and GLONASS of Russia. NCAPS is a novel satellite navigation system presented by scientists of CAS recently, which is based on the principle that the land control station transmits the navigation signals via communication satellites, other than special navigation satellites, to the NCAPS receivers, in which the received signals are processed to obtain its detailed positioning information. Compared with GPS and GLONASS, the reference base point of NCAPS is a virtual point, and the real base point is at the land-based control station. The greatest predominance of NCAPS lies in its low cost of development, operation and maintenance while relatively high positioning precision. In this paper, the principle of NCAPS is discussed in detail and its positioning equations are deduced. To solve these equations, in addition to traditional linear algorithms and LEAST SQUARES, a method using optimization algorithm is presented. Finally, fundamental principle of Kalman filter and its application in data processing of NCAPS are discussed.更多还原