股份合作制企业若干法律问题研究

【作者】 赵小红；

【导师】 刘玉平；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 经济法学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 作为我国在经济体制改革中的一个新的探索和创造，股份合作制企业这种与当今发达市场经济国家企业类型不完全一致的企业形态，融合了股份制与合作制的优点，可以广泛吸收社会闲散资金、缓解就业压力，在一定程度上可调动劳动者的积极性，实现经济上的民主管理，有效地推动生产力的发展和现代企业制度的进程。目前股份合作制企业虽然在我国已有了相当的规模，但实践中各地的做法不一，缺乏统一的规范；而对其法学探讨也是众说纷纭、莫衷一是。于是探讨股份合作制企业的法律属性、设立原则及对其的立法问题成了本文的研究目的。 文章首先从股份合作制企业的基本含义及其产生和发展以及其与相关企业形态诸如股份制企业、合作制企业、个人独资企业、合伙企业的比较入手，试图探索这一企业形态的本质特征。接着，从理论上对现存股份合作制企业的价值进行了肯定(其中涉及到笔者的观点一：股份合作制是建立现代企业制度的重要模式之一)。基于股份合作制企业区别于其它企业类型之本质特征及其存在价值，重点阐述了股份合作制企业的法律属性，即股份合作制企业是一种独立的企业组织形式，它与公司企业、合伙企业、独资企业共同构成了现阶段中国企业的法律形态。在关于股份合作制企业的基本理论中，本文还涉及到股份合作制企业的所有制属性(推行股份合作制并不会改变我国公有制经济的主导地位，而且也不是在搞自由放任经济)和体现股份合作制基本模式的六个基本原则。文章的第二部分，笔者在前文基本理论的基础上意欲对股份合作制企业重点研究四个问题：股份合作制企业的设立问题、股权结构问题、治理结构问题、分配问题，其中重点阐述笔者的观点二：股份合作制企业的设立原则应采用准则主义以代替核准主义，这既符合股份合作制只适合中小企业的特点，又符合国际趋势，易与国际接轨，最终既使企业受益，又能加快我国建立现代企业制度的步伐。文章的第三部分，提出了诸如投资机制、股权设置、组织机构管理制度、分配制度不规范及政企不分现象依然阻碍企业经营决策自主权等现存股份合作制企业存在的主要问题，并提供了一些对策。文章的第四部分论述了对股份合作制企业的立法问题，其中重点阐述了笔者的最后一个观点：对股份合作制企业应专门且城乡统一立法，并从立法必要性入手，初步设想了关于股份内容提要合作制企业的立法原则、立法体例及立法内容(其中涉及到法的名称、法的调整对象、股份合作制企业的法律地位、立法框架等)。 正如一位哲人所说，一切的认识和知识皆可源于比较，本文主要采用比较的方法认识和重构现行的股份合作制企业，其中主要涉及股份合作制企业与相关企业形态一一股份制企业、合作制企业、私营企业、合伙企业的比较;在立法部分从西方国家对中小企业的态度中得到启示，进一步说明了我国对股份合作制企业立法的必要性。同时文章采用例证法，用山东诸城四达公司股份合作制改造的成功实例来论证笔者的观点。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new exploration and creation during the economic system reform of our country, this kind of cooperation enterprise of the share is the type enterprise form not totally unanimous of national enterprise of developed market economy nowadays. Having merged the merits with the cooperation and the shareholding system, it can absorb the social idle money, alleviate the pressure on employment extensively, and can arouse the enthusiasm of labourer to a certain extent, realize the democratic management economically, and drive the process of productivity and system of modem enterprise effectively. Though already there is suitable scale in our country in the cooperation enterprise of the share at present, the method of all parts differs in practice, lack the unified standard. It probes into many opinions, unable to decide which is right to its law science. Probing into the legal attributes, setting up and legislative questions principle in the cooperation enterprise of the share becomes the research purposes of this textThis text starts with basic meaning to produce and develop it and relevant enterprise form such as shareholding system, cooperation relatively from the cooperation enterprise of the share, attempting to probe the essential characteristic of this enterprise form. Then, the values of the enterprise of the share goes on theoretically (involves one of the views of author among them the cooperation enterprise of the share is one of important modes of setting up modern enterprise system). It has value of existence and essential characteristic which is different from the type of other enterprises on the basis of the cooperation enterprise of the share. Having explained the legal attribute of the cooperation enterprise of shares, namely the cooperation enterprise of the share is a kind of independent enterprise organizational form. It, incorporated business, partnership business, proprietorship and cooperative enterprise have formed the legal form of the Chinese enterprise in the present stage together. In the basic theory about the cooperation enterprise of the share that, this text still involves the ownership attribute of the cooperation enterprise of shares (pursuing the cooperation enterprise of shares will not changethe leading position with economic public ownership of our country, nor too is it engaged in economy for less than allowing unrestrained freedom) and can’t embody cooperation basic 梩he basic principles of the mode share. In the article’s second part, at being gentle for basic the foundations of the theory for intention vs. share cooperation enterprise author gives key research of four issues: setting up, stock right structure, the management structure, assigning to explain one of the author’s views especially: the principle of setting up the cooperation enterprise of the share should adopt the criterion doctrine by replacing the doctrine of checking and approving .which has accorded with the characteristic that the cooperation of the share has only been suit the small and medium-sized enteiprise, accorded with the international trend also. Thus easy to be in line with international standards, to make the enterprise benefited finally, it can also accelerate the paces of our country’s setting up the system of modem enterprise. The third part of the article, proposes such as investments mechanism, stock right setting up, organization management system, and indistinction between the functions of the government and those of enterprises phenomenon hinder standard from distribution system some countermeasures. The fourth part of the article author expounds the fact from the respects, such as necessity, legislative principle, legislative style and main content legislating etc. To the legislative problem of the cooperation enterprise of the share , describes the last view of the author’s especially: should legislate to the cooperation enterprise of the share in unison special and in urban and rural , and starts with from the legislative necessity, preliminary imagination legislative p更多还原