企业所得税制度与会计制度的比较研究——兼论企业所得税制度的完善

【作者】 姜鹏飞；

【导师】 赵恒群；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 财政学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 经济体制改革的深入和市场经济的发展，促使企业所得税制度与会计制度不断改革。企业所得税制先后经历了1983-1984年的“利改税”到1994年建立的统一的内资企业所得税两次大变革。同时，会计制度也从1993年的分行业会计制度到2000年全行业统一会计制度的重大演变。经历两次大变革后，企业所得税制与会计制度差距拉大，增加了税款计算与征收的难度。如何认识二者的关系及二者的这种背离，中外理论界的看法不一，有的坚持“分离论”，有的坚持“统一论”。本文正是从此出发，通过企业所得税制与会计制度的比较分析，首先谈二者存在差异的理论根源，然后从实务层次具体对二者的差异进行比较分析，最后提出本人对此问题的看法，即对二者关系的定位及如何从企业所得税制的角度去协调。 全文共分为三部分，并力求严格遵循和讲究行文的逻辑性。 第一部分指出企业所得税制度与会计制度存在差异的原因，主要从理论层次进行分析。首先对二者的目标、职能进行比较分析，然后对二者遵循的原则进行分析，通过分析指出二者存在差异的必然性。 第二部分是对企业所得税制与会计制度从实务层次进行具体的比较分析，在收入的确认、扣除项目、资产的处理、投资、债务重组及关联方交易等方面，对会计制度和企业所得税制度的差异进行了分析比较。 第三部分是本文的重点，通过前面的分析可知二者的理论依据不同，差异将客观存在，同时在实务中二者的差异拉大又给税收征管及税款计算增加难度，该部分首先提出了本人对二者关系的定位，即在保持二者适度分离基础上对其进行协调，然后具体从企业所得税制度角度谈如何完善及协调。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the reform of economic system and the development of market economics, the system of enterprise income tax and accounting structure have been improved. The system of enterprise income tax experienced two great reforms, which were the "tax payments instead of profit deliveries to the state" in 1983-1984 and the establishment of united state-owned enterprise income tax in 1994; at the same time, accounting structure also experienced the reform, which was from implement different accounting in different fields in 1993 to the united accounting structure in 2000. After the two reforms, the distance had been enlarged between the system of enterprise income tax and the accounting structure, which strengthened the difficulty of tax’s calculation and collection. Theoretical fields of China and foreign countries’ hold different opinions in how to recognize the above relations, some stick to the "separated theory", and some stick to the "united theory". Starting from this point, in this dissertation compare and analyze the system of enterprise income tax and accounting structure. Firstly to analyze the two’s different theoretical sources; secondly to compare the two’s difference from practice; at last to provide my own opinion, which is the fixed position of the two’s relation and how to coordinate them from the system of enterprise tax income.The total is made up of three parts, in which I try to comply with the logic of composing.The first part put forward the reasons of difference between the enterprise income tax and accounting structure, mainly from the theories. First to compare and analyze the two’s principles with which they comply, then to advance the necessity of the difference.The second part is the compare and analysis of the system of enterprise income tax and accounting structure from practice in detail, to compare and analyze the two’s difference in income affirmation, deducting items, assets handling, investing,debts reconstruction and dealing with ones related, and so on.The third part is the core of the dissertation. After the above analysis, we know the different theoretical foundation about the two, and those differences exist objectively, and in practice the enlarged distance strengthen the difficulty in tax calculating and collecting. At first, this part provide the fixed position of the two’s relation in my own opinion, that is to coordinate the two based on keeping the two’s separation to some extent, then to analyze how to perfect and coordinate them from the system of enterprise income tax.更多还原