苎麻诱导无融合生殖与化学杀雄试验研究

【作者】 孙金才；

【导师】 彭定祥；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究论文对化学诱导苎麻无融合生殖进行了胚胎学观察，对无融合生殖后代进行了体细胞染色体倍性鉴定及使用化学药剂进行苎麻杀雄试验研究。 1、使用两种化学诱导剂对苎麻进行无融合生殖的活体诱导，通过采用改进了的整体染色透明法并结合石蜡切片技术，对苎麻胚囊进行胚胎学研究。观察结果表明：药剂处理使苎麻胚胎发育出现异常现象，在诱导4d的胚囊合点端出现3个反足细胞。居中的一个反足细胞体积较大，形态上类似卵细胞，另外两个反足细胞体积稍小，分别位于卵状反足细胞两侧，与卵状反足细胞结合较为紧密，形态上类似助细胞。胚囊中部有两个并未融合的极核。受到诱导的胚囊发育饱满，而同期对照和未受到诱导的胚囊则逐渐萎缩变形。胚和胚乳可能分别起源于卵状反足细胞和次生核未受精的自发分裂。由于诱导频率的原因，观察到的比较理想的胚囊数量十分有限，因此对苎麻无融合生殖的胚胎发育过程缺乏全面了解。 2、对无融合生殖种子育苗移栽后的体细胞染色体观察结果显示，在174株植株中，单倍体20株占11.5％，二倍体34株占19.5％，非整倍体38株占21.8％，混倍体82株占47.1％。植株染色体数目变化幅度较小，一般在14～28条之间变动，并观察到染色体落后、不均等分裂和多极分裂等有丝分裂异常现象，它可能是形成非整倍体和混倍体植株的重要原因。 3、使用四种化学杀雄剂在苎麻上的试验结果表明，对甲苯基脲在500ppm和800ppm浓度下喷施较为理想，其杀雄率分别达98.0％和100％。人工授粉结实率分别达53.1％和60.9％。乙烯利作为苎麻杀雄剂在200ppm浓度下使用杀雄率达93.7％，但对雌花伤害程度较大。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is observed the induced apomixis ramie, identified somatic cell chromosome ploidy of the first generation of induced apomixis plants (AF1) and used chemical agents to research the anthericide test on ramie.1 .Using two kinds of agents induce ramie apomixis. It is researched the ramie sacs by the modified whole stain-clearing method and paraffin method. The results show that the treatment of agents caused some abnormal phenomena during the embryologenesis of ramie. Three antipodal cells are observed in the pole of chalaza after the embryo sac is induced for four days. The middle antipodal cell with an egg-like shape is big, and the other two antipodal cells with synergid-like shape close the egg-like antipodal cell. There are two polar nucleuses in the middle of the embryo sac develops plumply, while the uninduced embryo sac atrophied and deformed. The embryo and the endosperm maybe respectively originate from the egg-like antipodal cell, and secondary nucleus autonomously divided without pollination. Because of the induce efficiency, the type of ramie embryogenesis induced apomixis has not known yet, so more researches are needed.2. The somatic cell chromosome of AF( are observed. In 174 AF| plants, there are 20 plants of haploid plant (11.5%), 34 plants of diploid plants (19.5%), 38 plants of aneuploid plants (21.8%) and 82 plants of mixoploid plants (47.1 %). The alterative range on the number of plant chromosome is between 14 and 28 commonly, and lay behind chromosomes, non-equal and mutiple polar mitosis are observed. It may be the reason of forming aneuploid plants and mixoploid plants.3. It uses two kinds of chemical anthericides in ramie. The results show that Cresylureas is optimal in the concentration of 500 and 800 ppm, and the antheridia rate upto 98.0% and 100%, the artificial pollinating fertility upto 53.1% and 60.9% respectively. Eth is an efficient chemical anthericide of ramie, but it is harmful to female flower mostly.更多还原