【作者】 姚明华；

【导师】 徐跃进；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 茄子(Solanum melogena L.)原产于东南亚、印度，在我国栽培历史悠久。茄子性喜温暖气候，常常会遭到冷害和冻害。随着保护地栽培面积的逐年扩大，生产上急需抗冷性强的茄子品种与之配套，而抗冷性强的品种选育首先需要提供抗低温的育种材料，而抗低温的育种材料的筛选又需要相应的抗冷性鉴定指标来完成。由于茄子的区域性较强，有关茄子抗冷性研究远不如番茄和辣椒那样深入、系统。因此利用简单、快速、准确的抗冷性鉴定方法和指标，可以提高材料及品种的鉴定和筛选的效率。 本实验以8个不同类型的茄子为材料，研究了8种不同的抗冷性生理生化指标及指标间的相关性，从中筛选出3种简单、快速、有效的指标，并利用该指标对34份茄子材料进行了抗冷性鉴定。其主要研究结果如下： 1 研究了不同温度对茄子种子发芽力的影响。18℃下发芽指数和下胚轴长度均可用来鉴定茄子种子的抗冷性，但以18℃下的活力指数作为鉴定茄子的抗冷性更加准确、可靠，而发芽率不能用来鉴定茄子种子的抗冷性。 2 从人工模拟气候条件下的冷害指数来看，冷害指数与茄子的抗冷性呈显著的负相关，而且茄子间有一定的差异性。该方法简单、易操作，可将该方法作为快速鉴定茄子苗期抗冷性的参考指标。 3 利用电导法测定了茄子幼苗叶片电导百分率。5℃条件下的电导百分率与茄子的抗冷性呈显著负相关，而且茄子间的差异十分明显，以5℃下的电导百分率大小能较好地鉴定茄子苗期的抗冷性强弱。 4 研究了不同低温对茄子幼苗可溶性糖含量的影响。5℃条件下可溶性糖的含最与茄子的抗冷性呈极显著的正相关，且茄子间有一定的差异，抗冷性强的茄子可溶性糖的含量增加幅度要大于抗冷性弱的茄子。15℃的低温对可溶性糖的诱导效果不明显。可用5℃条件下茄子幼苗叶片可溶性2001硕士学位论文糖的含量大小代表茄子抗冷性强弱。 5研究了不同低温对茄子幼苗脯氨酸含量的影响。常温下不同茄子脯氨酸含量存在着差异，这种差异表现在与茄子的抗冷性呈极显著的正相关，但茄子I\lJ的差异性不明显。抗冷性强的茄子容易受低温诱导。5℃的低温处理后，从各茄子的脯氨酸的含量和含量的变化即可看出茄子的抗冷性强弱。 6研究了低温对茄子幼苗膜脂过氧化和保护酶系统变化的影响。随温度降低，I)OD活性增高，MDA含量增大，以T活性先下降后上升，变化较复杂。P()1)活性变化及MDA含量的变化均与茄子抗冷性呈显著负相关，5℃下MDA的含量与茄子的抗冷性呈显著负相关，且茄子间的差异较明显。抗冷性强的茄子活性较高，活性变化小，MDA含量少。用POD活性的变化和MDA含量鉴定不同茄子的抗冷性是可行的。 7比较了8种抗冷性指标间的相关性。活力指数、冷害指数、电导百分率、可溶性糖含量分别与其它指标间(除酶活性外)相关性比较好，脯氨酸含最、酶活性及MDA的含最与其它指标间的相关性要差一些。 8利用己筛选出的3种抗冷性指标对34份茄子材料进行了抗冷性鉴定，通过抗冷性隶属值和聚类分析，从中筛选出了11份抗冷性强的材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Eggplant (Solatium melongena L.) originated in southeast Asia and Indian, which had been cultivated for a long time in China. As it grows in warm climrte, it is usually subject to chilling and cold damage. With the increase in cultivated areas of protective cultivation year after year, eggplant cultivars resistant to chilling are badly need, but breeding materials with chilling resistance have to be provided for obtaining. Likewise, screening breading materials for chilling resistance need chilling resistance indices correspondly. Owing to the strict region of eggplant, the studies of eggplant chilling resistance were less advanced than tomato and pepper. So using simple, fast and correct methods and indices of chilling resistance can enhance the efficiency of identifying and screening materials and cultivars.Eight different biochemical and physiological indices of chilling resistance and their correlations were studied using eight different eggplant cultivars, as a result of which three simple, fast and useful indices had been screened, chilling resistance of which thirty-four eggplant materials was then used to investigate. The main results were as follows:1. Effect of different temperature on seed germination was studied. The chilling resistance appraisal of eggplant seed could be used germination index and hypocotyls length at 18 , but the vigor index at 18掳C was more correct and reliable, whereas germination percentage could not be used to identify chilling resistance of seed.2. From the chilling index of controlled low temperature conditions, significant negative correlation was observed between chilling index and chilling resistance of cultivars, and there was different in different cultivars. As the method was simple and easy to operate, the method could be used to fast method of appraising chilling resistance of eggplant at seedlings stage.3. Electric conductivity percentage of eggplant leaves was determined using electric conductivity. Significant negative correlation was observedbetween chilling resistance and electric conductivity percentage, and the difference was obvious among them. So the electric conductivity percentage at 5 could appraise the chilling resistance of eggplant at seedlings stage.4. The effect of different low temperatures on soluble sugar content of eggplant seedlings was studied, significant positive correlation was observed between the content of soluble sugar and chilling resistance of cultivars, and there was certain different among them. The content of soluble sugar in the cultivars more resistant to chilling was higher than the less ones. The effect was not obvious to induce the soluble sugar at 15 . So the chilling resistance of cultivars could be represented by the content of soluble sugar in eggplant leaves at 5 .5. The effect of different low temperatures on the content of Pro in eggplant seedlings was studied. There was different Pro content in different eggplant cultivars at normal temperature, and the difference had significant positive correlation with the chilling resistance of cultivars, but it was not obvious among cultivars. The cultivars with strong resistance to chilling were easily induced by low temperature. The Pro content and its change of cultivars could represent the chilling resistance under 5掳C treatment.6. The effect of low temperature on membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme system of eggplant was studied. With the decrease in temperature, the POD activity and MDA content were increased, while CAT activity was decreased and then increased again. The change of POD activity and MDA contents had significant negative correlation with chilling resistance of cultivars, and the difference was obvious among them. The cultivars with strong resistance to chilling had higher activities, less MDA content and less activities change. So it was feasible to appraise chilling resistance of different cultivars using the changes of POD activities and MDA contents.7. The correlations of eight chilling resistance indices更多还原