【作者】 胡鲲；

【导师】 喻子牛； 陈守文； 戴经元；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 微生物学， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文取得了以下几方面成果： 1．筛选了薄层层析法分离阿维菌素的展层剂体系。当展层剂体系为：二氯甲烷：乙酸乙酯：甲醇=30：3：1时，能有效分离阿维菌素B1a和B1b组份。通过正交设计，对阿维链霉菌(Streptomyces avermitilis)菌株NRRL8165的摇瓶培养基进行了筛选，改良培养基的发酵效价是对照培养基的1.87倍。同时，研究了菌株NRRL8165发酵过程中的代谢变化。 2．建立了用高效液相色谱法(二极管阵列检测器)分离、测定阿维菌素的方法。定量测定中，回收率达到98.8％和99.4％，相对标准偏差为0.1％和0.3％。结果表明：该方法具有良好的精确度和重现性。 3．以小菜蛾、棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾为供测昆虫，测定了阿维菌素与苏云金芽胞杆菌的协同作用。当阿维菌素与苏云金芽胞杆菌的质量比分别为1：500～1：1500、1：500～1：1500和1：10000～1：20000时，对小菜蛾、棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾都表现出增效作用。 4．将阿维菌素与苏云金芽胞杆菌混合进行喷雾干燥，喷雾干燥产品对小菜蛾，棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾均表现出相加作用，说明喷雾干燥产品保持了对上述昆虫的毒力。通过初筛、复筛分别测定了AU-a、AU-b、AU-C、AU-d、AU-e五种抗紫外剂对阿维菌素B1组份的保护作用，其中抗紫外剂AU-b效果最好。将抗紫外剂AU-b以1：50(抗紫外剂与阿维菌素的质量比)加入到喷雾干燥产品中。在紫外灯下照射2小时后，与不含抗紫外剂的喷雾干燥产品相比，含抗紫外剂AU-b的喷雾干燥产品中阿维菌素B1组份的损失降低了13.9％；含抗紫外剂AU-b的喷雾干燥产品的毒力损失降低了12.6％。更多还原

【Abstract】 The solvent system of thin-layer chromatography was screened. Avermectins can be isolated in the developing solvent chloroform: ethylacetate: methanol (30:3:1). By orthogonal test, the fermentation media of Streptomyces avermitilis NRRL8165 were screened, and the yield of Avermectin Bl component of improved media was 1.87 times as high as that of the control medium. Furthermore, we studied the metabolism of NRRL8165 during the fermentation.The method of isolation and determination of Avermectins by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detector was examined. The Relative Standard Deviation values were 0.2percent and 0.5percent; the rates of recovery were 98.8% and 100.0%. These showed that the method was precise and reliable.The synergism of Avermectins and Bacillus thuringiensis to Plutella xylostella and Heliothis armigera in 1:500~1:1500(w/w) were tested. When the proportions were 1:10000~ 1:20000, the mixtures were synergism to Spodoptera exigua.The mixtures of Avermectins and Bacillus thuringiensis were dried by Spray-Dryer. The powder was available. The results of bioassay showed that the toxicity of this powder remained. Furthermore, effects of five kinds of anti-ultraviolet material (AU-a, AU-b, AU-c, AU-d, and AU-e) on protecting Avermectin Bl components were tested. We found that the material AU-b was superior to the others. We added the material AU-b to the powder in the proportion of 1:50(material AU-b: Avermectin, w/w). After 2 hours’ exposure under the ultraviolet lamp, the loss of Avermectins in the powder with material AU-b reduced 13.9% compared with that in the powder without anti-ultraviolet material. In addition, the loss of toxicity in the powder with material AU-b reduced 12.6% in bioassay.更多还原